氮化硅陶瓷高温摩擦学性能

本文研究热压氮化硅陶瓷与３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢组成的销－盘摩擦副，在空气中非润滑条件下，４００～８００℃不同载荷（４９～３４３Ｎ）的摩擦磨损性能；测定了磨擦系数和Ｓｉ３Ｎ４销的磨损因子；通过对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４磨损面的ＳＥＭ形貌观察、Ｘ射线相结构分析，探讨了陶瓷销的磨损机理     

Inhibitory effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on activities of soil enzymes

To evaluate the influence of various Cr(VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/kg) on the activity of soil enzymes, the activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in soils were investigated in the incubation experiment with a period of 35 d. The results indicate that all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity by over 70% after 35 d. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is slightly inhibited during the whole experiment except for on the day 7. Cr(VI) has no obvious effect on the activity of catalase in soil. On the contrary, Cr(VI) stimulates the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The results suggest that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of chromium pollution. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

锂离子电池Si_(1.81)Co_(0.6)Cr_(0.6)Zn_(0.2)/MGS复合负极材料的制备与性能

采用两步高能球磨法制备了一种新的锂离子电池硅基复合负极材料Si1.81Co0.6Cr0.6Zn0.2/MGS.用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的组成和形貌结构.电化学测试表明,Si1.81Co0.6Cr0.6Zn0.2/MGS作锂离子电池负极材料有较好的电化学性能:首次可逆容量为561 mAh.g-1,50个循环后,可逆容量的保持率为91%.Si1.81Co0.6Cr0.6Zn0.2/MGS循环性能的改善归因于电极结构在循环过程中的稳定性.     

Cr3+、Pb2+单一及复合胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响

研究在污染条件下小麦对重金属胁迫的反应,为农业生产中早期诊断重金属污染提供一些依据。用Cr3+、Pb2+及Cr3+、Pb2+混合溶液的各种浓度溶液处理小麦,研究Cr3+、Pb2+及Cr3+、Pb2+混合溶液对小麦萌发和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:在Pb2+的培养环境中,各个浓度下的发芽率相差不多;在Cr3+的培养环境中,小麦的发芽率随着浓度的增加呈下降趋势,浓度越大对小麦发芽率的抑制作用越明显;在Cr3+、Pb2+混合的培养环境中,各个浓度下的发芽率随浓度的增加而呈降低的趋势,并且各个浓度下发芽率基本都相对低于相同浓度下的单一Cr3+、Pb2+的发芽率。在低浓度的重金属离子中,游离脯氨酸的含量与重金属离子浓度呈正相关。     

铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料吸附Cr(VI)的性能及机理

以富含铁的铜渣（CS）为原料，在碱激发条件下制备了铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料（CSCBC），对废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附处理。考察了吸附剂添加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度及pH等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响，并通过吸附动力学和热力学分析，结合吸附前后吸附材料结构表征，对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明，当Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、pH=1、吸附剂投加量为0.4 g时，在240 min内达吸附平衡，Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达93%以上，最大理论吸附容量25.3 mg/g。与生物炭基铁氧化物复合材料、FeS复合材料、铁掺杂吸附剂等同类型吸附剂相比，Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量明显提高。CSCBC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。其吸附机制主要是还原、吸附等双重作用的结果。 6次吸附-解吸实验后，其吸附容量保持初次吸附容量的75%以上 。     

煤仓漏斗的焊接工艺

针对Q235-B钢板制成的原煤仓漏斗锈蚀、磨损严重的问题,更换采用了内层为4Cr13马氏体不锈钢,外层为Q235-B钢板的双层结构漏斗,并通过焊接工艺试验为煤仓漏斗的制造工艺确定了正确的焊材和焊接方法,取得了良好的效果。     

液膜法提取废水中Cr3+相界面反应的热力学研究

选择新型的超分子化合物——对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸作为活性载体,研究了采用乳状液膜法分离废水中Cr3 的界面反应方程式及反应的热力学性质。研究表明液膜外相界面的反应符合阳离子交换机理,液膜内相界面的反应为氧化还原反应;得到了外相界面及内相界面反应的平衡常数K分别为2.45×10-4、1027.5(30℃时),反应焓△H分别为69.9、-159.4 kJ.mol-1,反应自由焓△G分别是-25.0、-159.4 kJ.mol-1,反应熵△S分别是316.4、75.531 kJ.mol-1K-1。     

5Cr套管钢在不同CO2分压下高温高压腐蚀特性研究

为了研究5Cr套管钢在不同CO₂分压下的腐蚀特性,进行了5Cr套管钢高温高压腐蚀失重和高温高压电化学试验,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对其腐蚀产物进行微观分析。结果表明,在高温高压腐蚀环境下随着CO₂分压从低到高,其表面点蚀坑的深度和直径均无明显变化,而点蚀速率则出现逐渐减小的趋势;其腐蚀产物膜由Cr(OH)₃、FeCO₃和CaCO₃共同组成,且随着CO₂分压的升高Cr的富集量逐渐增加;在电化学测试中,随着CO₂分压的不断升高,5Cr套管钢表现出半钝化特征,产物膜逐渐增厚且致密,且极化电阻逐渐增大,阳极反应受到抑制,电化学反应阻力增大,其抗局部腐蚀能力不断提高。     

Annealing effects on the structure and hardness of helium-irradiated Cr2AlC thin films

Cr₂AlC MAX phase thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering were irradiated at room temperature by 100 keV helium ions to a fluence of 1 × 10¹⁷ ions cm⁻². The effects of thermal annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of the helium-irradiated Cr₂AlC films as well as the helium release were investigated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with nano-indentation and elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis. The irradiation-induced structural damage in the Cr₂AlC is significantly recovered by thermal annealing at temperatures around 600℃, attributed to high defect diffusivity. After annealing to 750℃, the hardness of irradiated films recovered almost completely, which is ascribes to both defect recombination and reformation of damaged chemical bonds. Substantial helium release occurring at this annealing temperature is closely related to the damage recovery due to helium irradiation.     

Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of Cr2AlB2 powders and the effect of high-temperature oxidation

The electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing properties of Cr₂AlB₂ powders and those after high-temperature oxidation were investigated. Coupling of magnetic and dielectric loss enables Cr₂AlB₂ with good absorption properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value is −44.9 dB at 8.5 GHz with a thickness of 2.7 mm, and the optimized effective absorption bandwidth (E_AB) is 4.4 GHz (13.0-17.4 GHz) with a thickness of 1.6 mm. After oxidation at 750, 900, and 1000°C for 2 h, the minimum RL values, respectively, are −23.9 dB (17.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), −41.4 dB (16.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), and −39.5 dB (8.0 GHz, 3.0 mm); and the corresponding E_AB values, respectively, are 3.8 GHz (13.6-17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm), 4.1 GHz (13.5-17.6 GHz, 1.6 mm), and 4.4 GHz (13.0-17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm). With an absorber thickness of 1.5-4.0 mm, the E_AB with a RL value of less than −10 dB can be tuned in a broad-frequency range 5.0-18.0 GHz, which basically covers C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), and Ku (12-18 GHz) bands. These results demonstrate that Cr₂AlB₂, as a high-efficient and oxidation-resistant absorber, is a promising candidate for microwave absorption applications and can retain good EM wave absorbing properties after high-temperature oxidation.