Cathodic arc deposition of (Al,Cr)2O3: Macroparticles and cathode surface modifications

The present work investigates the microstructure and chemical composition of macroparticles incorporated in arc evaporated (Al,Cr)₂O₃ coatings. According to scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis, two different types of macroparticles with a distinct difference in their shape and a noticeable variation in their chemical composition, i.e. the Al/Cr ratio, can be distinguished. In addition, the transformations on the surface of the corresponding Al-Cr compound cathodes during the evaporation process in O₂ atmosphere are studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Beside the virgin cathode material, a reaction layer consisting of various intermetallic Al_xCr_y phases with a fine-grained morphology and pillar-shaped Al₂O₃ islands was found. Correlations between the origin of the macroparticles and the observed modifications at the surface of the Al-Cr cathode are discussed.     

Cu/X(X=Cr,Nb)纳米多层膜力/电学性能的尺度依赖性

利用纳米压痕实验以及四探针法,系统研究了相同层厚Cu/X(X=Cr,Nb)纳米金属多层膜的力学性能(强/硬度)和电学性能(电阻率)的尺度依赖性.微观分析表明:Cu/X多层膜调制结构清晰,Cu层沿{111}面择优生长,X层沿{110}面择优生长.纳米压入结果表明,Cu/X多层膜的强度依赖于调制周期,并随调制周期的减小而增加.多层膜变形机制在临界调制周期(λ~c≈25 nm)由Cu层内单根位错滑移转变为位错切割界面.多层膜的电阻率不仅与表面/界面以及晶界散射相关,而且在小尺度下受界面条件显著影响.通过修正的FS-MS模型可以量化界面效应对多层膜电阻率的影响.Cu/X纳米多层膜可以通过调控微观结构实现强度-电导率的合理匹配.     

核电用1Cr13厚壁管材内表面裂纹产生原因分析

分析了热轧后空冷产生的淬火效应、退火缓冷引起的回火脆性和轧制对裂纹生长方向的影响.不合理的热处理制度使材料发生马氏体相变和回火脆性,在冲击性冷轧后产生开裂.而轧制压扁造成的内表面切向拉应力是产生纵向裂纹的原因.     

核电站控制棒驱动机构驱动杆用1Cr13厚壁管材成分选择与工艺优化

通过优化设计与控制C,Ni,Cr主合金元素和H,O,N气体元素含量,优化管材冷轧工艺,有效防止了1Cr13管材加工时的开裂现象,保证了管材表面质量良好;通过调整成品热处理工艺,使试制的管材样件的力学性能完全满足了技术条件要求.     

退火态12Cr13不锈钢显微组织及其对冲击韧性的影响

利用OM和SEM研究了核反应堆驱动机构用12Cr13不锈钢的组织特征,分析了退火态组织中碳化物形貌及其对冲击韧性的影响.实验结果表明,碳化物形貌是决定不锈钢冲击韧性的关键因素.分布在原马氏体晶粒内、尺寸细小、分布均匀的颗粒状碳化物可显著改善12Cr13的冲击性能;而分布在晶界上的块状和条状碳化物,以及铁素体晶粒内随机分布的大颗粒状碳化物,则严重恶化不锈钢的冲击韧性.退火温度对碳化物析出和分布具有较大影响,当退火处理温度由760℃升高到860℃时,碳化物尺寸增大,使得12Cr13不锈钢的冲击功由151J降低到106J;当碳化物完全消失且呈块状或条状分布时,不锈钢冲击功降低至5J.     

激光冲击对耐热钢高温疲劳寿命的影响

对00Cr12耐热钢试样进行激光冲击强化处理,并在25、400、500和600℃条件下进行疲劳拉伸试验,测量不同温度下拉伸时试样的力学性能,分别用单侧容限因数法和二维Weibull分布法进行疲劳安全寿命估算并比较。结果表明,经过激光强化后,试样的屈服强度和弹性模量都得到较大提高,并随着温度的升高而增加;温度对耐热钢的寿命有很大影响,随着温度的提高,疲劳寿命显著降低;单侧容限因数法能得到一个确切的疲劳安全寿命估算值,而二维Weibull分布法则得到一个疲劳安全寿命值的取值范围,二维Weibull分布法更具有工程适用性。     

Cr12MoV钢马氏体/贝氏体复相热处理工艺研究

研究了不同等温淬火工艺对Cr12MoV钢性能的影响。结果表明,Cr12MoV钢在1020℃奥氏体化后经280℃×3 h等温淬火,能够得到良好性能的M/B下复相组织,与常规淬火相比,在冲击性能不降低的情况下,耐磨性提高显著,其磨损量下降了56%。     

9Cr2钢镁球轧辊断裂原因分析

9Cr2镁球轧辊在淬火-低温回火处理后,发生断裂。分析表明,因冶金及铸造工艺不当造成组织偏析及夹杂物聚集、在随后的锻造及热处理中进一步增加了组织内应力,最终在应力集中处形成裂纹源,最后导致轧辊断裂。根据事故成因提出了应对措施。     

Effect of Gd doping on magnetic, electric and dielectric properties of MgGdxFe2−xO4 ferrites processed by solid state reaction technique

MgGd_xFe_2−xO₄ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) ferrites, with improved dc resistivity, initial permeability, saturation magnetization, and extremely low relative loss factor, have been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The microstructures, electric, dielectric and magnetic properties have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Keithley 2611 system, impedance analyzer and VSM respectively. The addition of Gadolinium in Mg ferrite has been shown to play a crucial role in enhancing the electric, dielectric and magnetic properties. The dc resistivity is increased by two orders of magnitude as compared to Mg ferrite. Saturation magnetization has been increased by two times and remnant magnetization has been increased by more than three times due to the doping of Gd³⁺ ions in Mg ferrite. The relative loss factor was found to have very low values and is of the order of 10⁻⁴-10⁻⁵ in the frequency range 0.1-30 MHz. The variations of electric, dielectric and magnetic properties of the samples have been studied as a function of frequency and Gd³⁺ ions concentration measured at room temperature. High resistivity and improved magnetic properties can be correlated with better compositional stoichiometry and the replacement of Fe³⁺ ions by Gd³⁺ ions. The mechanisms responsible to these results have been discussed in this paper.     

西山天然草地土壤——菊科植物系统铅铬分布特征

通过对昆明西山菊科植物和天然草地土壤中铅、铬含量的测定,再经统计学分析,结果表明昆明西山受试植物对铅富集能力比对铬强,其中有5种植物对铅的相对吸收系数Ar〉1表现对Pb的富集,余下9种则表现对Pb的稀释。受试菊科植物中除了风毛菊外,对铬的相对吸收系数均小于1,呈现出铬在土壤配分关系中的稀释作用。