3D Porous Cu Current Collectors Derived by Hydrogen Bubble Dynamic Template for Enhanced Li Metal Anode Performance

Lithium (Li) metal is the most ideal anode material for high‐energy density batteries. However, the high activity of Li metal, the large volume change, and Li dendrite formation during cycling hinder its practical application. Herein, 3D porous Cu synthesized through a simple time‐saving hydrogen bubble dynamic template method is used as a host for the improved performance Li metal anode. Contrary to the planar Cu foil, the synthesized 3D porous structure can reduce the local current density, suppress the mossy/dendritic Li growth, and buffer the volume change in the Li metal anode. Highly stable Coulombic efficiency is achieved at different specific current densities (0.5, 1, and 2 mA cm^?2) with a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm^?2. Moreover, symmetrical Li|Li‐3D Cu cells show more stable cyclic performance with a lower overpotential even at a high current density of 3 mA cm^?2.     

Grain Boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se2: A Review of Composition–Electronic Property Relationships by Atom Probe Tomography and Correlative Microscopy

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin-film solar cells have attracted significant research interest in recent decades due to their high efficiency in converting solar energy into electricity for enabling a sustainable future. Although the Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ absorber can be grown as a single crystal, its polycrystalline form is dominating the market not only due to its lower costs, but also due to its unexpectedly higher cell efficiency. However, this absorber contains a high fraction of grain boundaries. These are structural defects where deep-trap states can be localized leading to an increase in recombination activity. This controversy is mirrored in the existing literature studies where two main contradictory believes exist: 1) to be crucial grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ absorber are anomalous, being benign in terms of cell performance, and 2) grain boundaries are regions characterized by an increased recombination activity leading to deteriorated cell performance. Therefore, the present review tackles this issue from a novel perspective unraveling correlations between chemical composition of grain boundaries and their corresponding electronic properties. It is shown that features such as Cu depletion/In enrichment, segregation of 1-2at.% of alkali dopants, and passivation by a wide-bandgap or type inversion at grain boundaries are crucial ingredients for low open-circuit voltage loss and, hence, for superior cell performance.     

金属延期管抛离过程研究

为了减少非致命弹药爆炸产生的金属破片数量,设计了金属延期管抛离结构,根据点火药燃烧特点和结构作用原理,分析了抛离过程,建立了抛离弹道模型,得到了延期管内点火药气体压强变化和延期管速度变化规律,并利用高速摄影对试验过程的影像分析,结果表明仿真所得最大速度与实际测试值的误差仅为0.5 m/s,说明数学模型合理,为延期管抛离结构的设计与优化提供了理论指导.     

Piecewise constant strain kinematic model of externally loaded concentric tube robots

This paper presents a piecewise constant strain kinematic model for concentric tube robots (CTR) in externally loaded conditions. It discretizes the pre-curved tubes comprising the robot into a finite number of pieces and involves external effects as a set of wrench vectors exerted along the robot backbone. Constant strain lets us describe the pieces with helices in which shear deformation and elongation are neglected. The resulting piecewise helix is the simplest curve that can catch the torsion of tubes that play a crucial role in kinematic behavior. This approximation transforms the conventional boundary value problem (BVP) of CTRs models into a set of nonlinear equations that drastically decreases the model resolution time. The present method uses a Lyapunov function and torsional Jacobian to ensure the distal torsion constraint consistently and, as a result, the solution’s convergence. The paper’s primary purpose is to present a fast, numerically stable, and relatively accurate kinematic model not reliant on measurement data. Experimental results on a two-tube prototype and provided for different tip loading conditions reveal maintaining a balance between adequate accuracy and reasonable running time, about 7 ms for five pieces per section, for real-time applications in the presence of external load.     

潜艇鱼雷发射装置"卡管"事故故障树分析

“卡管”是鱼雷攻击和训练过程中出现的极为恶劣的事故,本文对导致事故的原因进行了分析。由于试验数据和训练数据有限,传统的故障树分析难以对“卡管”事故原因及出现概率做出准确评价。本文通过采用模糊故障树分析法,建立了该系统的模糊故障树,对事故概率及原因进行了定量及定性分析,为部队装备管理、人员管理和维修决策等工作提供理论依据。     

In-situ cleaning and passivation of oxidized Cu surfaces by alkanethiols and its application to wire bonding

The treatment of oxidized Cu surfaces using an alkanethiol as a reducing agent has been investigated. Exposure to a dilute solution of 1-decanethiol resulted in the complete removal and/or conversion of CuO and subsequent formation of a passivating thiolate film, a so-called self-assembled monolayer (SAM), on the underlying Cu/Cu₂O surface as evidenced by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Morphological changes, monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealed transformation of the rough, porous CuO layer into a comparatively smooth Cu/Cu₂O surface. Experiments performed on integrated circuit back-end-of-line (BEOL) die structures, comprising Cu/SiO₂ bond pads used as substrates for Cu wire bonding, demonstrate the potential application of a thiol-based in-situ cleaning-passivation procedure in microelectronics.     

YAP:Cu晶体的热释光性能

采用中频感应提拉法生长了高光学质量的YAP:Cu(原子数分数为0.5%)单晶,使用RisF TL/OSL-DA-15型热释光(TL)和光释光(OSL)仪系统研究了其TL性能。研究结果表明:YAP:Cu单晶存在431 K和482 K两个热释光峰,482 K处为主发光峰;TL峰位置不随辐照剂量的变化而变化,显示其为一级动力学峰;YAP:Cu单晶的TL辐射剂量响应在10-5-102Gy范围内呈较好的线性关系。YAP:Cu晶体是一种TL性能优良并具有潜在应用价值的电离辐射剂量计材料。     

全密封超薄碳纳米管玻璃平板字符显示器件制造工艺的初步探讨

利用自制的场助热丝化学气相沉积设备，在不锈钢电极的部分选取表面上，摸索出了直接生长碳纳米管（CNT’s）勿须涂敷催化剂的新方法。利用得到的高定向多壁碳纳米管薄膜，研究出一种制造大面积实用碳纳米管阵列场发射（CNT’s／FEA）阴极的新方法。经真空条件下的发射特性测量及SEM等检测手段肯定了这种CNT’s／FEA阴极的实用性。从工艺流程角度出发，初步探讨了静态工作制式下，采用碳纳米管做电极后，实现一种全密封超薄碳纳米管玻璃真空字符（或图像）显示器件的可能性。10多只封离管共显示过3种类型的字型（图像），全部管厚仅为2．7mm。实验结果不仅提供了一种碳纳米管阴极在玻璃真空平板型器件内应用的方法，也摸索出了一条实现小尺寸双色（或多色）字符（图像）静态（或动态）显示的廉价、节能途径。     

行波管电镀铜螺旋线高温处理后变色问题的实验分析

对行波管螺旋线电镀铜工艺进行了描述和分析,从实验上阐明了烧氢后螺旋线表面颜色变化的原因。实验分析表明,Ni-Cu合金化反应是导致颜色变化的主要原因,而合金化的结果使表面电导率、热导率大大降低,因此,电镀铜工艺不适合于行波管螺旋线的表面处理。在此基础上,对螺旋线镀铜工艺的其他技术方案进行了评述。     

离子净化技术在微波管中的应用研究

本文简要介绍离子净化技术，采用离子净化技术处理微波管（毫米波行波管）零、部件的试验结果。