基于液压驱动的数控机床上下料 机械手的设计与研究

针对数控机床自动化生产线的工件上下料,设计了机械手的手腕部位和执行手爪的齿轮式机械结构。采用液压控制系统控制机械手的3个执行机构运动,其中,垂直手臂的上升、下降采用垂直升降液压缸,手腕部位的前伸、后缩采用水平伸缩液压缸,执行手爪的夹紧、张开采用柱塞液压缸。对机械手的力学性能进行分析与计算,证明机械手装置简单可靠,具备抓取、搬运30 kg工件的能力。通过对PLC控制系统的设计,使机械手达到了生产线上工件自动上下料的功能要求。     

Prediction model of surface residual stress within a machined surface by combining two orthogonal plane models

The variation of surface residual stress within a machined surface layer caused by face turning was studied. The size of the tool’s corner radius and the feed rate affect residual stress. A process model using the finite element method is proposed and the mechanical effects of the corner radius and feed rate on a machined surface were discussed. When a tool with a small corner radius is used, surface residual stress perpendicular to the cutting direction becomes compression stress. As well, surface residual stress changes from tension to compression as the feed rate decreases. The process model consists of an orthogonal cutting simulation and an indentation-like simulation of a corner radius into a work piece surface. The simulated results show quantitative agreement with the residual stress measured experimentally. The integrity of the machined surface will be controlled more efficiently if the cutting conditions during finishing are determined with the proper consideration of the surface generating process.     

ROV扭矩工具系统研制与应用

ROV扭矩工具(TT)是深水水下油气田开发过程中使用的水下机器人(ROV)作业装备。ROV扭矩工具系统是以ROV为核心,包括扭矩工具本体和控制系统,其结构尺寸和工作能力与工作效率是影响水下作业的便利性与作业成本的关键因素。依托南海某气田水下生产系统,参考ISO13628-8等规范,设计出具有多尺寸自适应接口、牙嵌离合换挡结构和锁紧机构的扭矩工具及其控制系统。采用有限元分析软件对扭矩工具关键部件进行仿真分析。完成了扭矩工具的样机研制并进行测试。测试结果表明：水下ROV扭矩工具的锁紧、解锁功能,换挡功能,马达闭环控制功能均可实现,技术参数满足设计要求。研究成果对ROV扭矩工具及其控制系统的技术发展和产品开发均有借鉴意义。     

智能井用管线切割工具设计

采用智能完井技术的油井,修井周期长,长年生产的井中积累较多的油垢、胶质等杂物,修井时起出管柱较为困难。在管柱起出遇卡时,常规的切割工具只能对油管进行切割,无法对井下工具的控制管线进行切割。设计了一种专用的管线切割工具。介绍了该工具的结构、工作原理、技术参数、施工工艺。分析了关键结构的强度。通过ANSYS软件对管线剪切模型进行有限元分析,结果表明管线切割工具可承受拉力达800 kN,可对6根不同尺寸多种组合的控制管线进行切割。进行下部管柱打捞过程中,不会有冗杂的管线阻碍打捞作业。     

基于加工尺寸检测数据的刀具磨损及寿命研究

在对机械加工尺寸跟踪检测和对检测数据进行建模分析的基础上，提出对刀具磨损状况及寿命进行估计和预测的新途径；将加工质量控制与刀具监控统一起来，为自动化机械加工设备的换刀决策提供了一种新方法。     

An experimental study of tool wear and cutting force variation in the end milling of Inconel 718 with coated carbide inserts

Inconel 718 is a difficult-to-cut nickel-based superalloy commonly used in aerospace industry. This paper presents an experimental study of the tool wear propagation and cutting force variations in the end milling of Inconel 718 with coated carbide inserts. The experimental results showed that significant flank wear was the predominant failure mode affecting the tool life. The tool flank wear propagation in the up milling operations was more rapid than that in the down milling operations. The cutting force variation along with the tool wear propagation was also analysed. While the thermal effects could be a significant cause for the peak force variation within a single cutting pass, the tool wear propagation was believed to be responsible for the gradual increase of the mean peak force in successive cutting passes.     

Mechanism and prediction of failure of diamond films deposited on various substrates by HFCVD

Diamond films were deposited on the WC-Co cemented carbide and Si3N4 ceramic cutting tool substrates by hot-filament-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The adherence property of diamond films was estimated using the critical load (Pcr) in the indentation test. The adhesive strength of diamond films is related to the intermediate layer between the film and the substrate. Poor adhesion of diamond films to polished cemented carbide substrate is owing to the formation of graphite phase in the interface. The adhesion of diamond films deposited on acid etched cemented carbide substrate is improved, and the peeling-off of the films often happens in the loosen layer of WC particles where the cobalt element is nearly removed. The diamond films' adhesion to cemented carbide substrate whose surface layer is decarbonizated is strengthened dramatically because WC phase forms by reaction between the deposited carbon and tungsten in the surface layer of substrates during the deposition of diamond, which results in chemical combination in the film-substrate interface. The adhesion of diamond films to silicon nitride substrate is the firmest due to the formation of chemical combination of the SiC intermediate layer in the interfaces. In the piston-turning application, the diamond-coated Si3N4 ceramic and the cemented carbide cutting tools usually fail in the form of collapsing of edge and cracking or flaking respectively. They have no built-up edge(BUE) as long as coating is intact.As it wears through, BUE develops and the cutting force on it increases 1 - 3 times than that prior to failure. This can predict the failure of diamond-coated cutting tools.     

Tool wear mechanism in turning of novel wear-resisting aluminum bronze

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切削刀具PVD涂层技术的发展及应用

PVD涂层是利用蒸发、辉光放电等物理过程 ,在基材表面沉积出所需要的涂层的技术 ,通常采用的 PVD技术有蒸发镀膜、离子镀膜和溅射镀膜三大类 ,其中离子镀和溅射镀适合于对切削刀具进行超硬材料涂层。本文着重介绍了溅射镀技术及采用该技术生产的几种重要的涂层 ,结合实例介绍了它们的使用性能 ,并对 PVD涂层切削刀具技术的研究进展 ,工业化生产及应用现状进行了综述。     

铝合金涡轮叶片砂芯芯盒的设计与制作

涡轮叶片铸件的难点是叶片砂芯的制作。采用线切割的方法制作涡轮叶片砂芯芯盒，用该芯盒手工起模制作叶片砂芯。对于产品批量适中的铸件，本制芯方法可行而适用。