钼及La_2O_3对激光原位合成TiC-VC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层组织和性能的影响

研究添加钼粉及稀土氧化物La_2O_3对Km TBCr15Mo高铬铸铁表面激光原位合成TiC-VC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层组织及耐磨性的影响,分析钼及La_2O_3的作用机理。结果表明,熔覆层无裂纹且组织致密,熔覆层的组织主要由(Fe,Ni)固溶体,细小颗粒状或树枝状TiC-VC复合碳化物组成。随着钼粉的加入,熔覆层的组织更为均匀,钼元素起到细化晶粒的作用,使弥散分布的TiC、VC颗粒难以聚集长大。随着La_2O_3的加入,熔覆层的形核核心增多,更多的雪花状TiC-VC弥散分布于熔覆层组织中。由于钼具有较强的碳化物形成能力以及对显微组织起到晶粒细化作用,La_2O_3对显微组织的细化及涂层的净化具有较大作用,因此适当的钼粉(5%)或稀土La2O3能提高熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性。     

Medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated granular subbase course materials

This paper proposes a testing method for evaluating the effect of water content on the deformation–strength characteristics of unsaturated subbase course materials. A medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated soils is newly developed in order to examine the mechanical behavior of unsaturated subbase course materials subjected to fluctuations in water content and to shorten the testing time. It adopts the pressure membrane method with hydrophilic microporous membrane filters, instead of the pressure plate method with ceramic disks, and controls both pore air pressure and pore water pressure at the cap and the pedestal separately. The results of the proposed testing method, carried out by this apparatus, are shown to conform well to the results of previous researches. This indicates that the medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated soils is highly useful for triaxial compression tests and water retentivity tests on unsaturated granular base course materials and for shortening the total testing time.     

低碳中铬钢在模拟CO2-EOR环境下的腐蚀行为

 为了研究Cr5和Cr7(质量分数/%)钢在CO₂-EOR高温高压服役条件下的腐蚀机理,利用高温高压反应釜模拟其腐蚀行为,使用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等手段对腐蚀产物进行了观察与分析,探讨了试验钢在CO₂条件下的腐蚀机理,并提出了腐蚀模型。研究结果表明,Cr5钢的腐蚀速率为0.734 75 mm/a,Cr7钢的腐蚀速度为0.217 32 mm/a;腐蚀产物均由外层的FeCO₃晶体以及内层的非晶态FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃组成;腐蚀初期,产物膜以原位形成和阳极溶解后逐渐沉积两种途径生成;产物完全覆盖基体后,离子在界面处的扩散后沉积成为产物膜生长的主要途径。     

Investigation on the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In this work,the cause of the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel was investigated using optical microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and electron backscatter diffraction technique.Results show that during cold rolling,the breakage of the stainless steel strip was mainly caused by massive niobium-rich(Nb-rich)carbides present in the center of the strip.Furthermore,cracks initiated at these carbides in the central layer.The massive carbide precipitates resulted from the segregation and enrichment of Nb,titanium(Ti),and carbon(C)in the central layer during the subsequent solidification stage of SUS445J2 stainless steel.Additionally,the banded structure and coarse ferrite grains in the central layer reduced the plasticity of the material,causing cracks to propagate along these grains and finally leading to cold-strip breakage.By reducing the solidification cooling rate of the billet,increasing the pouring temperature,discretizing Nb,Ti,and C enrichment via electromagnetic stirring,and forming equiaxed crystals in the central layer,the precipitation of harmful massive Nb-rich carbides in the central layer could be effectively avoided.     

Design and optimization of small hydropower systems in water distribution networks under consideration of rehabilitation measures

Small hydro power systems (SHPSs) are increasingly installed in water distribution systems (WDSs). With only minor adaptations in a WDS, pressure surplus can be utilised. In such systems, a water surplus is also often available. In this work, water consumption data of a real Alpine WDS over one year are used as an input for an Epanet2 long-term simulation model to assess such a SHPS. In addition, the combinations of pressure and water surplus devices in a WDS are investigated. For such a specific investigated case, the yearly profit of 1750 € for a single SHPS could be increased to 3550 € when combining two interacting devices. Further, necessary and upcoming rehabilitation measures are investigated concerning their positive impact on the energy production potential and how additional costs (e.g., higher diameters (200 mm instead of 125 mm)) can be compensated by additional profits from energy production (maximum 5250 € per year).     

直流电机换向火花的检测与调整

分析了直流电机换向火花产生的主要原因,提出了如何对电磁部分和机械部分引起的火花进行检测,通过检测得到正确判断,进行恰当地调整,使电机运行状况得到改善。     

Fast accessing Web3D contents using lightweight progressive meshes

Accessing Web3D contents is relatively slow through Internet under limited bandwidth. Preprocessing of 3D models can certainly alleviate the problem, such as 3D compression and progressive meshes (PM). But none of them considers the similarity between components of a 3D model, so that we could take advantage of this to further improve the efficiency. This paper proposes a similarity‐aware data reduction method together with PM, called lightweight progressive meshes (LPM). LPM aims to excavate similar components in a 3D model, generates PM representation of each component left after removing redundant components, and organizes all the processed data using a structure called lightweight scene graph. The proposed LPM possesses four significant advantages. First, it can minimize the file size of 3D model dramatically without almost any precision loss. Because of this, minimal data is delivered. Second, PM enables the delivery to be progressive, so called streaming. Third, when rendering at client side, due to lightweight scene graph, decompression is not necessary and instanced rendering is fully exerted. Fourth, it is extremely efficient and effective under very limited bandwidth, especially when delivering large 3D scenes. Performance on real data justifies the effectiveness of our LPM, which improves the state‐of‐the‐art in accessing Web3D contents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一步法合成(E)-1,3-二取代丙-2-烯-1-酮类化合物

报道了一种温和的,以二氧化锰为氧化剂,通过串联氧化反应-Wittig反应-氧化反应,一步制备(E)-1,3-二取代丙-2-烯-1-酮类化合物的合成方法。使用该方法,我们合成7个具有代表性的化合物。     

1-氨基-2-(N,N-二甲氨基)-4-羟基-蒽醌的合成新方法

以分散红60和DMF为原料,在碳酸钾作用下反应制备得到1-氨基-2-(N,N-二甲氨基)-4-羟基-蒽醌,产品收率92.8%。