钢桥面铺装防水粘结材料性能评价方法与力学作用分析

总结了防水粘结材料在钢桥面铺装中的作用,阐述了钢桥面铺装防水粘结材料常用的试验方法,介绍了钢桥面铺装防水材料的力学作用,为钢桥面铺装结构和材料的设计与施工提供了技术指导。     

CO2气体保护药芯焊丝喷粉堆焊层组织及其耐磨性

采用CO2气体保护焊方法,使用高铬铸铁药芯焊丝,喷射优化设计的Cr-Ti-Mn-B系粉体形成耐磨堆焊层。利用XRD及金相显微镜分析堆焊层组织结构,并测定堆焊层的硬度和磨损性能。结果表明:与单纯高铬铸铁芯堆焊层相比,喷射粉体后堆焊层的洛氏硬度HRC增加,当Mn铁、Cr铁、B铁、Ti铁质量分数比为4.3∶52.2∶3.9∶39.6时,堆焊层硬度和耐磨性最高。喷射粉体堆焊层以马氏体为主,并有(Cr,Fe)7C3,FeMn2等相产生,从而提高堆焊层硬度和耐磨性。     

Y含量对Mg-Al-Zn堆焊合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了Y元素添加及其含量对AZ91焊丝堆焊Mg-Al-Zn合金室温下干滑动摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制的影响。结果表明:由于存在粗大β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,未添加稀土Y元素的AZ91堆焊合金的耐磨性能较差;通过添加稀土Y元素,可以减小粗大β相的尺寸和数量,减小亚表层变形层的厚度以及堆焊合金发生剥层磨损的程度,提高堆焊合金的耐磨性;稀土Y元素会导致堆焊合金的硬度降低;AZ91堆焊合金的主要磨损机制有3种:磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层磨损。     

大型阀门耐腐蚀层的堆焊与加工工艺研究

为了提高碳钢铸造阀体内部的耐腐蚀性能,需要在其内表面堆焊耐腐蚀层。对DN500阀体进行三维实体建模,估算出阀体质量及内表面积。设计了阀体内表面的堆焊工艺,通过堆焊厚度和内表面积估算出焊条用量,又设计了阀体配合面的堆焊与加工工艺,对加工尺寸链进行计算,既保证了配合精度,又保证了耐腐蚀层的厚度。结果表明,通过对大型阀门的三维建模,估算制造成本的方法是可行的并具有实际工程意义;配合表面的堆焊与加工工艺能够在保证耐腐蚀层厚度的基础上达到配合要求;采用普通铸钢并堆焊耐腐蚀层制造的阀体,比全不锈钢阀体成本可降低30%以上。     

K360钢堆焊合金层组织与抗裂性能

采用CO₂气体保护焊的堆焊方法,选用RD-YD450（Q）焊丝对试验所用母材中板（日本K360超级耐磨钢）进行焊接试验.利用光学显微镜、SEM,TEM,XRD对堆焊层组织进行了鉴定与分析.采用刚性固定对接裂纹试验对YD450（Q）的堆焊层的抗裂性进行研究.结果表明,堆焊层产生的裂纹为延迟裂纹,此裂纹产生的主要原因是焊接过程中的拘束应力过大.试验结果证明,采取焊前预热的方法,选择合理的预热温度能够避免裂纹的产生.     

Evaluation of the effect of heat input in superduplex stainless steel deposition by the plasma powder process*

Plasma powder surfacing is one of the latest processes for application of coatings, with control of dilution as its main feature. Surfacing with superduplex stainless steels is an interesting option for the construction and repair of equipment for applications in a highly corrosive environment, allowing the desired characteristics to be achieved: corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to assess the ferrite content in the weld metal and the mechanical characteristics via microhardness profiles in surfacing of C-Mn steel pipes with deposition of UNS S32760 by plasma powder surfacing. Welding operations were carried out on pipes with deposition of SDSS, employing three welding heat input levels, varying the welding speed or the welding current. Then the geometry was analysed, the ferrite content in the weld metal was quantified and the microhardness profile was recorded. Variation in welding heat input caused changes in weld bead geometry, with variation in the welding current producing the most significant changes. Increase in heat input caused decrease in ferrite content of the weld metal. Regarding microhardness, only the condition with a higher level of welding current gave sufficiently high levels of microhardness in the weld metal.     

The microstructure of composite cermet coatings produced by carbo-vibroarc surfacing

The results of investigation of the microstructure of composite coatings produced by carbo-vibroarc surfacing using cermet pastes are presented. It is shown that the composite cermet coating consists of two zones – the main and transition. The main zone of the coating contains the Fe₂B hardening phase with nickel and chromium atoms implanted in the crystal lattice of the phase. The zone is situated in the matrix of the solid solution of iron and nickel Ni₃Fe. The transition zone of the coating is formed by the mutual diffusion of the coating and the substrate and consists of the (Fe, Ni)₂B hardening phase and the Ni₃Fe matrix. It is also shown that the hardening phases form plate-shaped grains with thicknesses of 1–4 μm and more than 100 μm long, distributed in the form of colonies throughout the entire volume of the coating zone. In the direction to the transition zone, the shape of the structural components changes to circular with the diameter of up to 5 μm.     

模具修复梯度耐磨堆焊层组织性能研究

提出了采用“母材 过渡层 耐磨层”的复合堆焊修复方法。工艺试验表明,通过打底焊过渡层的方法可以有效防止堆焊出现的裂纹。金相显微分析表明,采用Cr-Mo-W-Nb系耐磨堆焊焊条的堆焊合金组织为马氏体基体 残余奥氏体 碳化物,基体上分布的碳化物使堆焊层具有强的耐磨性。性能测试结果表明,堆焊表面平均硬度达到HRC60.1,完全满足模具材料硬度要求,硬度梯度分布合适,堆焊层耐磨性为母材的7.58倍。     

外加纵向磁场对堆焊层金属性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,得出了磁场强度对堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性的影响规律;电磁搅拌能够细化堆焊层金属的组织,控制硬质相的形态及分布,从而可提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.     

超硬质相在高温磨损中的行为及抗磨性

通过高温硬度、高温磨损试验,研究了铁基Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ系高温耐磨料磨损等离子弧粉末堆焊合金,可以替代价格昂贵的镍基和然基等离子弧堆焊合金。同时系统地研究了合金元素及其硬质相在高温磨损中的行为及堆焊合金抗磨性。即Ｃｒ７Ｃ３「（Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ）７Ｃ３」、ＣｒｅＣ「（Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ）３Ｃ」、ＷＣ、Ｗ２Ｃ、ＮｂＣ、Ｖｃ硬质相对堆焊层的组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响规律。结果表明：硬质相的形态、数据和大小不同对堆