Diagnostic tools in PEM fuel cell research: Part I Electrochemical techniques

To meet the power density, reliability, and cost requirements that will enable a widespread use of fuel cells, many research activities focus on an understanding of the thermodynamics as well as the fluid mechanical and electrochemical processes within a fuel cell. To date, a wide range of experimental diagnostics is imperative not only to help a fundamental understanding of fuel cell dynamics but also to provide benchmark-quality data for modeling research. This two-part paper reviews various tools for diagnosing polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and stacks, and attempts to incorporate the most recent technical advances in PEM fuel cell diagnosis. In Part I, we review various electrochemical techniques and outline the principle, experimental implementation, and data processing of each technique. Capabilities and weaknesses of these techniques are also discussed. In Part II of the review we will cover physical/chemical methods.     

机内自检和综合诊断技术及其在现代军用飞机上的应用

论述了机内自检技术的概念及在现代开口系统上的应用概况、机内自检技术在保障开口系统的战备守好性所超的作用及在使用过程中所显露出的虚敬率高、论断能力不足、诊断模糊等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了应采用上前流行的综合诊断技术,同时介绍了综合诊断技术的概念,原理、特点、典型代表及实现方法。     

Development of ITER divertor Thomson scattering support structure design on the basis of engineering analyses

The support structure for divertor Thomson scattering equipment – the front diagnostic rack, which actually plays plugging role of the divertor port, should be designed to sustain the severe ITER conditions. Meeting the requirements of multifield analyses (which often contradict each other) results in an iterative design process. A number of design variants based on engineering analyses results were developed in 2011–2012. We study here the close to the final design of the diagnostic rack for consistency to electromagnetic, thermal and seismic loads. The specific ITER environment imposes a restricted list of materials and requires a careful design of optical elements to accommodate their thermal expansion. Special attention is focused on the mirror deformed shape under operating loading conditions and its effect on optical system performance, which is vital for all optical systems with mirrors specially designed for the ITER.     

Towards health-aware energy management strategies in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review

An energy management strategy (EMS) is responsible for distributing the power between the electrochemical power sources of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) with a view to minimizing the hydrogen consumption and maximizing the lifetime of the system. However, the energetic characteristics of the electrochemical devices (fuel cell, battery, and supercapacitor) are time-varying due to the influence of ageing, and different ambient and operating conditions. Any drift in the characteristics of the power sources can lead to the mismanagement of an EMS. According to the literature, ignorance of health adaptation can increase the hydrogen consumption from almost 6.5%–24% depending on the EMS. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy which is aware of the actual state of the components while conducting the power split. Health monitoring techniques are potential candidates to deal with the uncertainties arising from the mentioned factors. In this respect, this paper first puts forward a concise review of the general modeling techniques which are essential for developing precise health monitoring techniques and in turn EMSs. Subsequently, the utilized methods for prognosis, diagnosis, and health state tracking of each of the mentioned power sources in a FCHEV are introduced. Then, a new taxonomy for the classification of the EMSs based on their health-awareness is proposed based on which three categories of prognostic-based, diagnostic-based, and systemic EMSs are formed. Each category is thoroughly explained, and a state-of-the-art review of these health-aware EMSs is presented. Finally, future perspectives of this new line of research and development are discussed before drawing a conclusion.     

Indicators of coastal groundwater quality changes induced by seawater infiltration

The diminishing public water supply in Greater Beirut induced by various factors since the 1960's reaching its climax during the civil war (1975–1992), led to the drilling of a multitude of private wells in the Cenomanian coastal aquifer. The increasingly high extraction of the groundwater led to progressive changes in the quality of the ground‐water due to seawater infiltration. This problem stimulated some studies directed at detecting and assessing the status and magnitude of the seawater infiltration, but most of them failed to apply any reliable diagnostic indicators designed to detect and to trace any changes in the quality of the groundwater. In contrast, the present study demonstrates the application of certain diagnostic indicators (DI) devised specifically for the detection, progress and trends of seawater infiltration into an aquifer.     

一起灭多威污染饮料引起的食物中毒

2002年3月26日16时，辽宁省某村4名青年村民在本村小卖店购买4瓶“冰啤”饲料，当场开瓶饮用，2～10min后4人相继出现恶心，呕吐，头晕，大汗，头部紧束感，呼吸急促等中毒症状，其中1人病情较重，出现肌束震颤，四肢发麻，视物模糊，血压上升，语言不清等症状，经对症治疗后痊愈，根据病人的临床表现及实验室诊断，确认为急性灭多威（methomyl）中毒。     

DN—A、DN—B井生产阶段环空压力诊断分析

迪那气田属高温、超高压凝析气藏,在开发生产过程中,部分单井,如DN—A、DN—B井,典型地表现出生产套压和技术套压异常的现象,这严重影响着这些井的安全正常生产。当前国内外还没有形成一套针对高温高压气井环空压力诊断分析的方法。结合塔里木油田实际情况,首先分析压力来源并结合API—RP90标准计算各环空的最大许可工作压力;其次密切关注生产动态,及时发现生产出现异常的情况;三是现场通过环空放压手段,结合放出物质的各种性质分析井下管柱的完整性,同时排查井口设备安全隐患,最终得出气井套压出现异常的原因。     

高血压规范用药远程辅助诊断系统的研究

高血压作为一种常见病、多发病，是引起心血管疾病的危险因素。针对当前高血压诊断和用药中存在的各种问题，文章提出了建立高血压规范用药远程辅助诊断系统的设想。该系统利用web数据库和．NET平台网络技术，建立起高血压病人的医疗数据库。并将高血压专家的医学知识作为规范用药和辅助诊断的逻辑基础，设计了一个根据高血压病人并发症自动排除禁忌药物，然后由医生选择其余用药的系统。另外，通过24小时动态血压监测，可以利用本系统对病人进行最佳用药时间选择。文章还设计了一种高血压监测数据分析和相关参数统计的软件，可以辅助医生诊断。     

粗粮细作，以少胜多——武汉协和医院新门诊大楼设计

建筑设计往往会受到资金及用地条件等方面较大的限制。地类问题，结合具体工程进行了一些研究和探索。     

Egomania rageosis: A proposed new syndrome for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (V).

This paper describes a serious new disorder--Egomania Rageosis--which is approaching epidemic incidence in academia. The symptoms, epidemiology, and treatment of Egomania are described, and empirical work is reviewed. It is proposed that the syndrome be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (V). Those persons in whom a prolonged relationship with academia has given rise to deep-seated, unconscious feelings of irreverence will find the paper of both heuristic and therapeutic value. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)