氮化碳晶体的合成研究进展

新型超硬材料β—C3N4自从理论预言其硬度有可能超过金刚石以及优异的性能以后成为各国科学家研究的热点．目前在理论计算和实验合成方面都已取得了一定的进展．本文介绍了氮化碳薄膜的合成方法、表征手段及薄膜质量，分析了氮化碳晶体制备中存在的一些困难，并对今后的研究重点作了展望．     

脱色剂对碱炼大豆油酸值和过氧化值的影响

食用油脂加工过程中,脱除色素的同时能降低酸价和过氧化值.研究发现,不同吸附剂对油脂脱色、酸价、过氧化值的影响有差异,活性炭与活性白土配合使用,85℃脱色15~20 min时,脱色率提高明显,并能最大限度地降低酸值和过氧化值,改善风味,提高油品品质和稳定性.     

碳源对自蔓延高温合成TiC粉末的影响

在氩气保护下用钛、碳元素通过自蔓延高温合成(SHS)工艺制备了碳化钛,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微(SEM)技术,分析检测了采用不同碳源合成的碳化钛的物相组成和微观结构.结果表明,钛与碳元素粉末的自蔓延合成产物均为碳化钛相,产物形貌因碳源的不同而有所不同,以石墨为碳源所合成的TiC晶型比较完整,粒度相对粗大、颗粒均匀性相对较好,团聚较少,更接近化学计量比.     

Anisotropic properties of aligned SWNT modified poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites with good uniformity, dispersion and alignment of SWNT were fabricated in an improved figuration process. The semidried mixture was stretched along one direction at a drawing ratio of 50 before it was dried, and then folded along the same direction stretching repeatedly for 100 times. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation demonstrated that SWNT in the PMMA/SWNT composite tends to align in the stretching direction owing to a torque exerting on it in the stretching process. The electrical and mechanical properties of PMMA/SWNT composite were studied as a function of SWNT orientation and concentration. The aligned SWNT modified PMMA/SWNT composite presented highly anisotropic properties. The experimental results showed that the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of composite rise with the increase of SWNT concentration, and that composite films showed higher conductivity and higher mechanical draw ratios along the stretched direction than perpendicular to it. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that embedding the SWNTs into the PMMA matrix also improves the thermal stability of the composite.     

Fabrication and design of multi-layered radar absorbing structures of MWNT-filled glass/epoxy plain-weave composites

The object of this study is to design radar absorbing structures (RAS) with load-bearing ability in the X-band. Glass/epoxy plain-weave composites of excellent specific stiffness and strength, containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) to induce dielectric loss, were fabricated. Observations of the microstructure and the permittivity of the composites confirmed that the fabrics are suitable for use as RASs. A genetic algorithm and a theory of the reflection/transmission of electromagnetic waves in a multi-layered RAS were applied to design an optimal RAS composed of MWNT-filled composites. The thickness per ply was observed to vary, depending on the number of plies and the MWNT contents. A fabrication process was proposed that considered the variation. The proposed process was in the fabrication of a designed RAS, and the theoretical and measured reflection losses of the RAS were found to be in good agreement.     

Correlation for the Carbon Dioxide and Water Mixture Based on The Lemmon–Jacobsen Mixture Model and the Peng–Robinson Equation of State

Models representing the thermodynamic behavior of the CO₂–H₂O mixture have been developed. The single-phase model is based upon the thermodynamic property mixture model proposed by Lemmon and Jacobsen. The model represents the single-phase vapor states over the temperature range of 323–1074 K, up to a pressure of 100 MPa over the entire composition range. The experimental data used to develop these formulations include pressure–density–temperature-composition, second virial coefficients, and excess enthalpy. A nonlinear regression algorithm was used to determine the various adjustable parameters of the model. The model can be used to compute density values of the mixture to within ±0.1%. Due to a lack of single-phase liquid data for the mixture, the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PREOS) was used to predict the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of the mixture. Comparisons of values computed from the Peng–Robinson VLE predictions using standard binary interaction parameters to experimental data are presented to verify the accuracy of this calculation. The VLE calculation is shown to be accurate to within ±3 K in temperature over a temperature range of 323–624 K up to 20 MPa. The accuracy from 20 to 100 MPa is ±3 K up to ±30 K in temperature, being worse for higher pressures. Bubble-point mole fractions can be determined within ±0.05 for CO₂.     

C2H2／H2比率对铝合金上电弧离子镀类金刚石膜的结构和腐蚀性能的影响

本文研究了在2024铝合金衬底上，环境气氛中C2H2／H2比率对电弧离子镀沉积类金刚石膜层的结构和腐蚀性能的影响。Raman谱分析表明，随着C2H2／H2比率的降低，其D峰和G峰的强度比ID／IG值增加，这意味着膜层中sp^3／sp^2键比率减少，膜层的力学性能下降；同时，G峰的峰位向高波数方向移动，峰的半高宽变窄；D峰的峰位也在向高波数方向移动变化，但峰的半高宽变化相反，逐渐宽化。膜层可以进一步提高铝合金试样的抗腐蚀能力，从自腐蚀电位看，随着C2H2／H2比率的降低，膜层试样的抗腐蚀性能略逐渐增加。     

掺入碳纳米管提高聚苯乙炔的导电性研究

用AlCl3作催化剂制备了聚苯乙炔（PPA），采用共混法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）与PPA的复合材料，并进行了导电性能测试，结果表明，当CNTs含量增加时，复合材料的电导率升高，CNTs含量为3%时是复合材料导电的临界浓度，当CNTs含量达25%时复合材料达极限电导率，比纯的PPA的电导率提高了13个数量级。CNTs/PPA复合材料的导电机理符合导电通道理论。     

碳滑板材料石墨化度XRD和Raman光谱研究

采用显微激光拉曼光谱及X射线电子衍射测量，摘要选用进口和国产滑板材料作为对比材料，并进行高温烧结处理。分析了试样的形貌和结构，并表征了不同碳滑板材料在高温烧结前后的结构参数。结果表明，两种表征方法的结果存在一致性；进口碳滑板材料的石墨化度高于国产滑板，且两种滑板材料都有不同的石墨相组成，不同相的石墨化度也不同；经过高温烧结处理，滑板材料的石墨化度提高。     

The effect of carbon precursor on the pore size distribution of mesoporous carbon during templating synthesis process

The starch and cyclodextrin were selected as the precursors and the mixture of surfactant and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as template to prepare mesoporous carbon. The result showed that a bimodal pore size distribution in mesoporous carbon derived from starch appeared; one was around 3.4 nm and the other ranged from 3.8 to 16.2 nm. However, there existed a concentrated pore size distribution from 3.2 to 4.2 nm in mesoporous carbon derived from cyclodextrin. The different molecular structure of starch and cyclodextrin and their polymerization process in the presence of sulfur acid were responsible for the resulted mesoporous carbon structure; the starch could polymerize by head to head or side by side, but the cycleodextrin was only polymerized by head to head.