In Vitro hydrodynamic evaluation of prosthetic polymer heart valves in steady flow

Hydrodynamic comparison of two polymer valves with two mechanical valves is presented. The valves were perfused in a steady flow system, and comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure distribution and drop, opening area, and leakage volume. Particular emphasis was placed on a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve which was newly designed and fabricated in our research group. The results showed that the functional characteristics of a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve compared favorably with that of mechanical valves. This valve may be a viable and inexpensive alternative, especially for short-term use in TAH or VAD systems.     

新型液压打桩锤的系统仿真研究

对一种新型液压打桩锤的打桩过程进行了运动学及动力学分析,并在此基础上提出了桩锤在各个打击过程的数学模型.最后对各阶段进行了仿真及分析,仿真研究对改进和优化打桩锤的各个设计参数具有指导意义.     

光纤、电容液滴分析仪(二):系统设计

详细介绍了光纤、电容液滴分析仪(FCDA：Fiber—Capacitive Drop Analyzer)的系统设计方案和各组成部分的具体实现方法，包括液滴传感器的设计、微量供液系统的设计、信号处理电路的设计和仪器研究平台的开发。     

Experimental study of drop impacts and spreading on epicarps: Effect of fluid properties

The fluid mechanic of liquid drop impacts on solid food plays an important role in food engineering, e.g. when a spray technology is used to apply a coating. In the present work, drop impact behavior on banana and purple cabbage epicarps using high speed camera was studied. Drop velocity was controlled by modifying the height from which drop was ejected. Weber number varied from 100 to 800, whereas Reynolds number ranged from 1000 to 12,500. Liquid drop viscosity and surface tension effects on drop impact behavior were evaluated and temporal evolution of both spreading and flattening factors are presented. Results show that viscosity and epicarp surface properties had great influence on impact dynamics. For low viscosity liquid drops (water and Tween 20-water), the maximum spread factor, ξ_max, scaled with We^0.25±0.02, whereas for viscous fluid (water-glycerol mixture) it scaled with We^0.16±0.02. Finally, a new model was proposed to better fit the experimental data than the Roisman’s and Scheller’s models.     

Measuring hydraulic properties of geotextiles after installation damage

Since geotextiles have been progressively incorporated into coastal protection structures, the influence of installation damage on them has been the primary concern. During installation/construction, geotextiles are repeatedly subjected to high mechanical stresses which often exceed service stress. It is therefore vital to evaluate the mechanical and hydraulic damage and determine the consequences of these damages to better develop criteria for selection of suitable products. As these damages could reduce the material's mechanical strength and hydraulic efficiency, or in the severest form of damage, puncturing, would end the separation function. The properties investigated in this paper include the permittivity and apparent opening size (AOS) of geotextiles. Generally, the greater the drop energy of armour units applied to geotextiles, the greater the potential for damage. Findings show that the residual permittivity could increase significantly, 45% during installation. The preliminary design of coastal structures will be optimised as engineers and designers can better estimate the amount of damage on geotextiles upon installation.     

A Simple Technique for Scaling Up Pneumatic Conveying Systems

A brief survey has shown that although scaling-up techniques in pneumatic conveying systems have generally been based on laboratory-scale test data, there still exists a divergence of opinions about the right choice of certain basic parameters such as solids friction factor and air friction factor. In this article, a simple model for pressure drop calculation has been proposed based on the classical Darcy's equation with some modifications. A parameter K, called pressure drop coefficient, has been shown to be independent of pipe diameter and hence suitable for scaling up to pipe sizes different from those used in laboratory-scale tests. For each of the bulk material and pipe size combinations used in this study, we calculated the standard deviation of predicted pressure values from the experimental values along the central 45° line passing through the origin; it varied from±165 mbar to a maximum±285 mbar. It has been shown that the model can be used for both horizontal and vertical pneumatic conveying.     

Maximum Spreading of Urea Water Solution during Drop Impingement

Droplet impingement of urea water solution (UWS) is a common source for liquid film and solid deposits formed in the tailpipe of diesel engines. In order to better understand and predict wetting phenomena on the tailpipe wall, this study focuses on droplet spreading dynamics of urea water solution. Impingement of single droplets is investigated under defined conditions by high‐speed imaging using shadowgraphy technique. The experimental studies are complemented by numerical simulations with a phase‐field method. Computational results are in good agreement with experimental data for the advancing phase of spreading and the maximum and terminal spreading radius, whereas for the receding phase notable differences occur. For the maximum spreading radius, an empirical correlation derived for glycerol‐water‐ethanol mixtures is found to be valid for millimeter‐sized UWS droplets as well. A numerical simulation for a much smaller droplet however indicates that this correlation is not valid for the tiny droplets of UWS sprays in technical applications.     

气动潜孔锤跟管钻进技术在岩土工程勘察施工中的应用

以渤船重工新型总装生产线工程岩土工程勘察项目为依托，应用KG940 A型高风压履带式潜孔钻车﹑采用气动潜孔锤跟管钻进工艺，结合空气正循环排渣方式，摸索总结出一套针对复杂破碎覆盖层的干式成孔新方法，钻进效率及钻孔质量显著提高，为岩土工程勘察勘探孔施工增添了一种新的思路。     

Supercritical CO2 generator using bubble collapse by water hammer

We have developed a new apparatus to dynamically generate supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) bubbles in water using a water hammer facility by efficiently concentrating water energy. We measured the internal and external pressures of a CO₂ bubble covered with a rubber membrane using pressure transducers, and observed the bubble's oscillations by a high-speed video camera. We evaluated the maximum duration of the scCO₂ for conditions 60 μs in experiments. We performed numerical simulations using the Rayleigh–Plesset equation by substituting the experimental external pressure profiles of the bubble and confirmed that numerical results agreed with the experimental internal pressure. Moreover, in the minimum external pressure condition where we experimentally achieved the condition of scCO₂ in the bubble for 16 μs by water hammer, we obtained the maximum duration of scCO₂ conditions up to 55 μs by numerical simulations assuming isotropic compression.