铁路行车事故救援决策方法研究

传统的铁路行车事故救援多采用人工方式给出救援方案,但事故受多方面因素的影响,救援人员很难及时的给出科学合理的救援方案.针对已有救援知识不完备、不系统的特点,提出规则推理(Rule-based Reasoning,RBR)和案例推理(Case-Based Reasoning,CBR)相结合的两级分层推理框架,给出了系统流程图,说明了RBR与CBR的具体实现方法,并将自组织特征映射网络(Self-Organizing Feature Map,SOFM)应用到事例检索中,有效地提高了检索的效率.仿真实验结果表明系统取得了良好的效果.克服了单一推理的缺点,实现了对救援理论和经验的复用,提高了系统的效率和综合推理能力,并使系统具有了学习能力.研究结果为进一步应用奠定了基础.     

基于GSM／SMS与Internet的小区智能监控紧急救护系统

本文通过系统规划、构建系统体系架构和系统实现的关键要素,提出基于GSM（Global System for Mobile Communicadon,全球移动通讯系统）短消息业务SMS和Intemet的小区智能监控紧急救护系统的设计与实现,系统采用B／S体系架构实现。     

物联网与感知矿山专题讲座之四——感知矿山物联网与煤炭行业物联网规划建设

指出感知矿山物联网M2M平台应为应用层服务提供开放的接口,适应完善安全避险"六大系统"、领导带班下井、煤矿灾害监测的需求;给出了煤炭行业物联网的四层结构,指出感知矿山物联网建设是整个煤炭行业物联网建设的重点,其它层次以煤矿安全管理和资源管理为主,并分析了矿业集团级、省级、国家级煤炭行业物联网的应用方式;提出了煤炭行业物联网建设需要注意的问题。     

煤矿井下撤人告警系统的设计

结合田庄煤矿井下通信系统的现状,提出了一种煤矿井下撤人告警系统的设计方案,详细介绍了该系统各组成部分的工作原理、功能及实现方式,并以井下出现瓦斯事故为例对该系统的工作流程进行了说明。该系统基于数字广播扩音技术,以工业以太网为传输介质,可根据报警信息向井下各个工作面发出相应的预案告警信息,并可实现实时语音通话,为矿井抢险救援提供了可靠的技术手段。     

基于GA算法的无线躯体传感网络的自适应优化研究

将无线躯体传感网络技术结合到井下异常时的人员搜救系统中,在井下出现异常时,实现人员位置信息与生理状况信息的采集,有助于营救人员制定高效的营救方案,从而显著提高井下人员搜救水平;将遗传算法应用于井下无线传感网络的多目标优化设计,设计了井下网络的组网策略,制定了适当的编码机制,并结合多方面重要参数,建立了适应度函数;通过MATLAB仿真表明了基于遗传算法的网络设计能够很好地优化能量管理,并使网络生命周期达到最长。     

基于节点失效的弹性供应链应急管理策略

研究网络正常运行和有单一节点失效情况下供应链的应急调度问题,建立了在有限资源约束下单目标成本优化数学模型,以实现供应链运行总成本最小．采用ＣＰＬＥＸ 软件求解模型,得到应急调度计划方案．数值仿真结果表明了应急调度方法的有效性和实用性．     

煤矿井下安全避险“六大系统”的作用和配置方案

研究了煤矿安全监控系统在瓦斯、火灾等重特大事故监控与预警和事故调查中的作用,提出了系统的配置方案及基于煤矿安全监控系统的煤矿瓦斯爆炸等事故直接原因的认定方法;研究了煤矿井下人员位置监测系统在遏制超定员生产、事故应急救援等方面的作用,提出了系统设置方法;提出了以矿用调度通信系统和矿井广播通信系统为基础、矿井移动通信系统为补充的矿井通信联络方案,提出了严禁采用矿用IP电话通信系统和矿井移动通信系统替代矿用调度通信系统的观点;提出了高瓦斯矿井的入井人员宜携带隔离式自救器,且隔离式自救器宜选用压缩氧隔离式自救器的方案;提出了避难硐室的装备要求和避难硐室性能价格比优于救生舱的观点;介绍了矿井压风自救系统和供水施救系统。     

Concurrent consideration of evacuation safety and productivity in manufacturing facility planning using multi-paradigm simulations

Manufacturing facilities are expected to maintain a high level of production and at the same time, employ strict safety standards to ensure the safe evacuation of the people in the event of emergencies (fire is considered in this paper). These two goals are often conflicting. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate evacuation safety versus productivity concurrently for various, widely known manufacturing layouts. While the safety performance indicators such as evacuation times are inferred from the crowd (agent based) simulation, the productivity performance indicators (e.g. throughput) are analyzed using the discrete event simulation. To this end, this research focuses on creating innovative techniques for developing accurate crowd simulations, where Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agent framework is employed to build each person’s individual actions and the interactions between them. The data model and rule based action algorithms for each agent are reverse-engineered from the human-in-the-loop experiments in the immersive virtual reality environments. Finally, experiments are conducted using the constructed simulations to compare safety and productivity for different layouts. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, an automotive power-train (engine and transmission) manufacturing plant was used. Initial results look quite promising.     

Fault-tree analysis for liquefied natural gas terminal emergency shutdown system

Natural gas, one of the cleanest, most efficient and useful of all energy sources, is a vital component of the world’s supply of energy. To make natural gas more convenient for storage and transportation, it is refined and condensed into a liquid called liquefied natural gas (LNG). In a LNG site, safety is a long-team and critical issue. The emergency shutdown (ESD) system in the LNG receiving terminal is used to automatically stop the pumps and isolate the leakage section. Fault-tree analysis (FTA) has been widely used for providing logical functional relationships among subsystems and components of a system and identifying the root causes of the undesired failures in a system. In the conventional FTA for the ESD system, we usually assume that exact failure probabilities of events are collected. However, in most real applications, first, the FTA for the ESD system needs to be made at a early design or manufacturing stage, certain new components normally used without failure data; secondly, sometimes the environmental change in the system during the operation periods. This makes more difficult to gather past exact failures data for the FTA. To complete the FTA of the ESD system under these uncertain situations, we apply the intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) theory to the FTA. We generate the intuitionistic fuzzy fault-tree interval, and the intuitionistic fuzzy reliability interval for the ESD system. We also present an algorithm to find the critical components in the system based on IFS–FTA and determine weak paths in the ESD system, where the key improvement must be made.     

Semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot for search and rescue

In this paper, we develop a semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot for search and rescue. In large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes and tornadoes, the application of rescue robots to search for survivors under rubble would be beneficial. Snake-like robots (robots composed of serially connected units) are an effective candidate for such robots. Their long body enables them to overcome obstacles, and they can move into narrow spaces because of their thin shape. However, conventional snake-like robots have significant problems with operability. The numerous degrees of freedom of their bodies require complex operation to overcome obstacles, and training is required for the operators. Thus, survivors or community members cannot operate conventional robots to search for victims, despite the availability of such rescue robots. Here, we address this problem and develop a semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot designed for non-trained operators, such as community members or rescued survivors. It can be controlled easily by a conventional two-channel user interface with levers for turning and straight line motion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism, a prototype robot was developed and experiments were conducted. The results confirm that the proposed robot had both higher operability and higher mobility than conventional robots.