Desalination in the gaza strip: drinking water supply and environmental impact

More than 90% of the population of the Gaza Strip depends on desalinated water for drinking purposes. About 90% of the groundwater is unacceptable for drinking as a result of contamination by nitrate and chloride. One of the major options for resolving the water problems is the utilization of desalination technology for both sea and brackish water. The objective of this article is to address desalination water management in its embryonic stage in the Gaza Strip. The sources of drinking water supply, distribution system and the environmental impact of brine water will be fingered in detail. Desalination facilities range from large seawater plants to small brackish desalination units on a home scale. Governmental, non-governmental and private desalination plants are common. The distribution system of desalinated water is a responsibility of governmental, non-governmental, private small community bodies and even individuals. Disposal of brine water is made either directly or indirectly into the sea, sewage system, poor land, channels, wadies, etc. Brine constituents have an adverse impacton the surrounding environment, e.g., sea life, soil, wastewater treatment plants and the groundwateraquifer. The lack of real environmental impact assessments, especially for mid- and home-scale units may lead to a deterioration of the environment. The fragmentation of the responsibilities of water desalination, distribution of desalinated water and the disposal of brine water suggest that urgent action should be taken (e.g., legislation or establishment of a supervisory body). In other words, strict policies and management actions are to be taken in order to alleviate the health and environmental impact of an important and uncontrolled new system.     

乙烯技术改造项目环境风险评价

结合乙烯技术改造项目中环境风险专题的评价工作实践，对石油化工项目环境风险评价程序中环境风险类型识别、风险分析、风险事故污染预测以及防范措施和应急预案等方面的评价方法进行了初步探讨。     

试论我国环境污染责任保险制度现状与对策

阐述了在我国突发性污染事故频繁的严峻形势下发展环境污染责任保险的重要意义。在简要介绍国外环境责任保险主要模式的基础上,分析了我国环境污染责任保险制度的现状和存在的主要问题,并提出了完善有关立法,采取自愿投保与强制投保并重原则,加大政府扶持力度,适当扩大环境污染责任保险范围,完善配套机制等对策建议。     

高吸油性树脂

高吸油性树脂是与一般吸油材料不同的自溶胀型新型吸油材料,它能够吸收从矿物油到天然油脂等各种油。目前国外正在用途、市场两方面进行系统开发。本文仅就其机理、特征、用途作简单介绍。     

济南市水资源环境与经济发展耦合关联性测度及前景预测

结合环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)与耦合关联度模型对济南市水资源环境与经济发展间的耦合作用机理进行定性与定量研究,并利用弹性预测法对二者间的发展前景作出预测。结果表明:2005—2017年间水资源环境与经济发展存在耦合关系,且现状条件下生活用水、排污量与经济发展的耦合作用要强于工业用水。此外,结合EKC走势和预测结果,引入潜在风险控制指标和重点监控指标的概念,其中生活COD、工业NH₃-N为潜在风险控制指标;重点监控指标分别为生活NH₃-N、生活废水排放量及工业、生活用水量。研究成果可为促进济南市经济增长与水资源环境协调发展提供依据。     

环保类上市公司流动资产结构的绩效贡献检验

以沪深交易所33家环境保护类上市公司为研究样本,检验上市公司流动资产结构与运营绩效的关系,分析企业经理人投资效率。研究发现:应收账款、存货均与加权平均净资产收益率存在显著正相关关系,货币资金与加权平均净资产收益率呈不显著负相关关系。实证结果与现有环保类上市公司BOT经营模式一致,且流动资产中应收账款和存货的运营管理是公司运作的关键因素。     

浅谈病险水库出险加固工程建设期的环保措施方案

环保措施方案是病险水库出险加固工程建设期的一项重要工作内容,面对日趋严峻的环境问题,有必要把环保措施放在更加突出的位置。本文分析了建设期施工现场环境影响的主要因子,并提出了具体的环保措施方案。     

高水材料结石体抗压强度环境效应试验研究

借助MTS力学试验系统、SEM电子扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析设备,对在不同环境下高水速凝结石体的主要物理力学指标、结构特征及内部物质组成进行测试,研究高水结石体强度特征的环境效应。结果表明：高水结石体在不同PH值水环境中强度差异并非由其物质成分变化引起的,PH值主要通过影响结石体的微观结构而使其体现出不同的强度特征;空气环境中,结石体抗压强度值、变形常数及泊松比均大幅减小,力学性质差;水环境中,PH值=5.5时试样的抗压强度值最大,变形常数和泊松比在不同PH值环境中均减小,泊松比呈现随环境酸度或碱度的增大而迅速减小的趋势;不同环境中结石体应力-应变关系曲线相似,应力增长较快且体现蠕变特性。     

Effect of the marine environment on reinforced concrete durability in Iberoamerican countries: DURACON project/CYTED

This work presents some of the results from the project: “Effect of the environment on reinforcement durability” (DURACON) in its first two-years period, which investigates the influence of urban and marine meteorochemical parameters on the performance of reinforced concrete structures. The results presented in this investigation are from 21 marine test sites only (no urban environments are included), distributed among 11 countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain, Uruguay, Portugal and Venezuela). The environment was evaluated using ISO Standard 9223 and the concrete was characterized by measuring compressive strength, elastic modulus, total and effective porosity, chloride permeability according to ASTM standards, as well as the effective porosity and resistance to water absorption using the Fagerlund method. To that effect, concrete specimens (with and without reinforcement) were prepared for electrochemical and physical/mechanical/chemical tests using the existing materials in each participating country, following strict procedures which enabled the preparation of similar concrete samples. Two water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.45 and 0.65) were selected, where the concrete with 0.45 w/c ratio had to have a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m³ and the one with 0.65 w/c ratio a compressive strength of 210 kg/cm². Type I Portland cement, siliceous sand, and crushed rock as coarse aggregates (13-mm maximum nominal size) were used. After a one-year exposure, the results of the corrosion potentiality and probability analysis of the reinforcement in the different test stations showed that, for marine atmospheres, the most aggressive environment to induce steel corrosion was at Portugal’s Cabo Raso station, and the least aggressive one was at Chile’s Valparaíso station. These results are comparable with the ones found using electrochemical measurements, after a two-year exposure.     

硫酸盐还原菌引起的微生物腐蚀的研究进展

简述了由硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）引起的微生物腐蚀（MIC）的机理，环境因素与SRB的协同效应对MIC的影响及控制SRB的措施的研究进展。