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81.
综述近年来Ni_3Al类型金属间化合物疲劳行为的研究进展,着重讨论了温度和介质对材料疲劳性能的影响。氢和水蒸汽的存在促进了裂纹的扩展;试验温度的升高使Ni_3Al类型合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大。 相似文献
82.
Experiencing Nature: Embodying Animals in Immersive Virtual Environments Increases Inclusion of Nature in Self and Involvement With Nature 下载免费PDF全文
Sun Joo Ahn Joshua Bostick Elise Ogle Kristine L. Nowak Kara T. McGillicuddy Jeremy N. Bailenson 《Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication》2016,21(6):399-419
Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) produce simulations that mimic unmediated sensory experiences. 3 experiments (N = 228) tested how different modalities increase environmental involvement by allowing users to inhabit the body of animals in IVEs or watch the experience on video. Embodying sensory‐rich experiences of animals in IVEs led to greater feeling of embodiment, perception of being present in the virtual world, and interconnection between the self and nature compared to video. Heightened interconnection with nature elicited greater perceptions of imminence of the environmental risk and involvement with nature, which persisted for 1 week. Although the effect sizes were small to moderate, findings suggest that embodied experiences in IVEs may be an effective tool to promote involvement with environmental issues. 相似文献
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84.
There is an increasing need for environmental management advice that is wide-scoped, covering various interlinked policies, and realistic about the uncertainties related to the possible management actions. To achieve this, efficient decision support integrates the results of pre-existing models. Many environmental models are deterministic, but the uncertainty of their outcomes needs to be estimated when they are utilized for decision support. We review various methods that have been or could be applied to evaluate the uncertainty related to deterministic models' outputs. We cover expert judgement, model emulation, sensitivity analysis, temporal and spatial variability in the model outputs, the use of multiple models, and statistical approaches, and evaluate when these methods are appropriate and what must be taken into account when utilizing them. The best way to evaluate the uncertainty depends on the definitions of the source models and the amount and quality of information available to the modeller. 相似文献
85.
The Jackfish Bay Remedial Action Plan is the first of Lake Superior's Areas of Concern (AOCs) to consider recognition as an Area in Recovery (AiR). As a result of a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, ecosystem recovery in Jackfish Bay has been determined using a combination of regulatory policies and scientific evidence and extensive public and expert-based decision making. As a result, the conceptualization of the AiR status in Jackfish Bay has been developed with the adaptive management and the ecosystem approach, which provide the basic principles of assessing, monitoring, and managing the Area of Concern. To determine the status of beneficial use impairments caused by effluent from the Terrace Bay Pulp Inc., three public advisory committees—an academic panel of experts, a government technical review committee, and the Jackfish Bay Public Area in Recovery Review Committee (PARRC)—reviewed relevant scientific data and documents, including peer-reviewed publications, to assess changes in pollution levels in Jackfish Bay and improvements to aquatic, biotic, and benthic environments of the bay. The public decision-making process concluded with recommendations by the PARRC to develop a systematic monitoring program so that the ecosystem recovery process in the bay could be assessed on a continued basis, leading to its eventual delisting as an AOC. The entire process provides an example of blending science and public policies for remediation of a degraded ecosystem on the Great Lakes. 相似文献
86.
丰海 《电脑编程技巧与维护》2011,(24):57-58,74
基于ARM9s3c2440处理器和嵌入式Linux系统平台,利用嵌入式数据库SQLite设计了环境监测系统。通过无线网络访问数据库里的温湿度数据,并利用JavaScript脚本绘制出温湿度随时间变化的曲线。该方案运行可靠、管理方便。 相似文献
87.
基于系统动力学的环境承载力仿真与调控 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
环境承载力是区域环境系统结构与区域社会经济活动适宦程度的一种表示。环境承载研究很重要。为使陕西省经济发展与环境保护相协调,优化陕西省环境承载能力,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过建立系统动力学模型,仿真陕西省中长期(2007—2020年)不同发展策略下各指标数值,并采用综合评价方法计算不同策略下环境承载力的值,最终得出承载状态(超载、满载、可载)。仿真结果表明基于系统动力学的环境承载力模型能够动态仿真现实的环境承载力;研究结果可为陕西省发展规划的制定提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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89.
景观格局是地貌格局、土壤格局、水资源格局、植物分布格局及生产力格局等的综合。根据地质、地貌和区域景观特征,可将重庆岩溶区划成三大景观区:渝东北中山区(I)、渝东南中低山区(Ⅱ)、渝中平行岭谷低山丘陵区(Ⅲ)。各景观分区景观格局特征主要表现为:景观多样性指数分别为Ⅰ区1.38、Ⅱ区1.35、Ⅲ区1.77;各景观分区的人工干扰指数分别为Ⅰ区0.33、Ⅱ区0.69和Ⅲ区0.95,人工干扰的程度按照区域代码顺序依次增强;景观均匀度、优势度和丰富度密度分别为Ⅰ区0.49、1.43和0.0005,Ⅱ区0.48、1.46和0.0003,Ⅲ区0.63、1.04、0.0025;景观变化态势按照景观分区代码Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的顺序表现为耕地、居民工矿用地和水域面积比例呈明显递增,而林地、草地呈现明显递减的,园地分布比例为Ⅲ区远大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ区;未利用地比例出现Ⅱ区最小,Ⅲ区最大的现象。 相似文献
90.
This paper presents a Danish study of mitigation directed at nature protection in environmental impact assessment (EIA) of infrastructure projects. The study is based on a document analysis of EIA reports, a workshop held with EIA professionals, and a study of two cases. The paper takes a point of departure in the mitigation hierarchy as a central conceptual framework, identifies which mitigation measures have been suggested in the EIA reports, and compares this to the mitigation hierarchy. Further, the paper explores the dynamics behind which mitigation measures are chosen and later implemented. The findings point to a discrepancy between the prevention principle embedded in the mitigation hierarchy and the actual EIA practice with increased use of nature compensation. Further, the research reveals significant variation in the design of mitigation measures, e.g. in the level of detail used in describing them and the level of clarity as to aims and actions. 相似文献