基于系统动力学的环境污染演化博弈问题研究

用系统动力学建立环境污染管理问题中政府管理部门与生产排污企业之间的一个混合战略演化博弈模型.仿真结果表明:非对称结构的2*2混合策略演化博弈模型不存在演化均衡.从监管部门的角度出发,改变博弈支付矩阵在演化博弈过程始终保持不变的情况,在博弈支付矩阵中考虑动态惩罚策略.结果表明,本策略的演化博弈模型存在演化稳定均衡,即Nash均衡.系统动力学为演化博弈理论的验证和应用提供一个政策仿真实验平台.     

重庆岩溶地区景观格局特征研究

景观格局是地貌格局、土壤格局、水资源格局、植物分布格局及生产力格局等的综合。根据地质、地貌和区域景观特征,可将重庆岩溶区划成三大景观区:渝东北中山区(I)、渝东南中低山区(Ⅱ)、渝中平行岭谷低山丘陵区(Ⅲ)。各景观分区景观格局特征主要表现为:景观多样性指数分别为Ⅰ区1.38、Ⅱ区1.35、Ⅲ区1.77;各景观分区的人工干扰指数分别为Ⅰ区0.33、Ⅱ区0.69和Ⅲ区0.95,人工干扰的程度按照区域代码顺序依次增强;景观均匀度、优势度和丰富度密度分别为Ⅰ区0.49、1.43和0.0005,Ⅱ区0.48、1.46和0.0003,Ⅲ区0.63、1.04、0.0025;景观变化态势按照景观分区代码Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的顺序表现为耕地、居民工矿用地和水域面积比例呈明显递增,而林地、草地呈现明显递减的,园地分布比例为Ⅲ区远大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ区;未利用地比例出现Ⅱ区最小,Ⅲ区最大的现象。     

The mitigation hierarchy upside down – a study of nature protection measures in Danish infrastructure projects

This paper presents a Danish study of mitigation directed at nature protection in environmental impact assessment (EIA) of infrastructure projects. The study is based on a document analysis of EIA reports, a workshop held with EIA professionals, and a study of two cases. The paper takes a point of departure in the mitigation hierarchy as a central conceptual framework, identifies which mitigation measures have been suggested in the EIA reports, and compares this to the mitigation hierarchy. Further, the paper explores the dynamics behind which mitigation measures are chosen and later implemented. The findings point to a discrepancy between the prevention principle embedded in the mitigation hierarchy and the actual EIA practice with increased use of nature compensation. Further, the research reveals significant variation in the design of mitigation measures, e.g. in the level of detail used in describing them and the level of clarity as to aims and actions.     

Is floating photovoltaic better than conventional photovoltaic? Assessing environmental impacts

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy installations are growing all over the world as a promising renewable alternative to generate electricity. However, many studies have highlighted some drawbacks associated with the installation and operation of conventional solar energy power plants. Thus, floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems have been emerging as a new concept in solar energy to lessen negative environmental impacts caused by allocation of conventional PV facilities. This paper is an overview of the potential negative and positive environmental impacts caused by photovoltaic systems with particular interest on large-scale conventional and floating photovoltaic. This study addresses and compares the impacts at all phases of project implementation, which covers planning, construction, and operation and decommissioning, focusing on ambient located in the tropics. The overall impacts associated with project allocation such as deforestation (for the project implementation and site accessing), bird mortality, erosion, runoff, and change in microclimate are expected to have higher magnitudes for the implementation of conventional PV facilities. The results highlight advantages of FPV over conventional PV during the operational and decommissioning phases as well. Though, further studies are required to assess both qualitative and quantitative aspects of installations in similar areas.     

Evolution or revolution: where next for impact assessment?

Impact assessment (IA) has become one of the most prevalent environmental policy instruments today. Its introduction under the National Environmental Policy Act (US) in 1969 was revolutionary. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that such a widely used tool has received its share of criticism, including that it fails to meet some of its fundamental goals. Over the last fifty years, IA has broadened in scope and application and embraced new techniques. It has followed evolved, but has not changed fundamentally.

We believe that IA must continue to change to meet the societal and environmental challenges of the 21^st century. But will it be enough for IA to progress through incremental change (evolution), or is a complete overhaul of impact assessment (revolution) needed? We provide some ideas as to what ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’ may look like, but rather then offering a definitive way forward now, we invite stakeholders to present their thoughts and suggestions at the IAIA19 Annual Conference in Brisbane, which carries the same theme as the title of this article.     

Learn to survive crises: The role of firm resilience,innovation capabilities and environmental dynamism

Exogenous crises, while disruptive, may also present learning opportunities that could affect a firm's viability and performance. In this study, we examine how exogenous crises can constitute learning opportunities and assess their impact on firm survival. In particular, we investigate the role of learning in response to exogenous crises and how firm resilience, innovation capabilities, and environmental dynamism influence this relationship. Drawing from crisis management and organisational learning literature, we propose that these factors can bolster the connection between learning from crises and firm survival. To test our hypotheses, we conduct a nuanced analysis using both regression analysis and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on data from 249 Italian manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This approach allows us to simultaneously examine the impact of firm resilience, innovation capabilities, and environmental dynamism on the relationship between learning from crises and firm survival. Our findings offer theoretical and practical insights into the role of learning from crises in a firm's survival. They also highlight the importance of embracing learning opportunities in crisis situations and suggest that how firms deal with crises could be an opportunity to fine-tune their internal processes and thrive in the long run.     

Air pollution modelling using a Graphics Processing Unit with CUDA

The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a powerful tool for parallel computing. In the past years the performance and capabilities of GPUs have increased, and the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) - a parallel computing architecture - has been developed by NVIDIA to utilize this performance in general purpose computations. Here we show for the first time a possible application of GPU for environmental studies serving as a basement for decision making strategies. A stochastic Lagrangian particle model has been developed on CUDA to estimate the transport and the transformation of the radionuclides from a single point source during an accidental release. Our results show that parallel implementation achieves typical acceleration values in the order of 80-120 times compared to CPU using a single-threaded implementation on a 2.33 GHz desktop computer. Only very small differences have been found between the results obtained from GPU and CPU simulations, which are comparable with the effect of stochastic transport phenomena in atmosphere. The relatively high speedup with no additional costs to maintain this parallel architecture could result in a wide usage of GPU for diversified environmental applications in the near future.     

基于细胞自动机的移动机器人路径规划算法

针对移动机器人全局最优路径规划问题,提出一种基于细胞自动机的路径规划算法.该算法首先将移动机器人的起点、目标点和空间障碍物定义为一组离散的细胞状态,建立环境的细胞自动机模型;然后由机器人移动的曼哈顿距离设计演化规则;最后根据演化后的细胞状态搜索最优路径.对简单和复杂环境下的机器人路径规划问题进行了仿真实验,实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

飞机环控/发动机系统多目标决策研究

提出一种两阶段多目标决策方法,应用于飞机环控/发动机系统的多目标决策分析。将起飞、加速爬升和高空超音速巡航阶段的总熵产最小视为不同目标函数以建立多目标优化模型,采用多目标优化算法得到非劣最优解集。在此基础上进行方案初选,利用改进综合权重的Vague集决策方法对备选方案进行模糊评价和优选,并找到最终解。计算结果验证了该方法的合理性。     

基于最小熵产的飞机环境控制系统优化分析

针对飞机环境控制系统的优化分析问题,提出采用以热力学第二定律为基础的熵产分析方法。选取起飞、加速爬升和高空超音速巡航为设计点,以系统熵产最小为目标函数,将热交换器效率、压气机和涡轮压力比、引气质量流量作为设计变量,建立优化模型。在优化计算结果的基础上分析设计变量对系统熵产的影响,该分析结果对飞机环境控制系统的优化设计具有一定指导作用。