5MW低功率堆运行的环境影响

本文评价了5MW 低功率堆(5MW LPR)放射性流出物对环境的影响。应用厂址周围的人口与食谱调查资料,以及计算模式和参数,估算了该堆在正常运行时,厂址边界1km 处的最大个人有效剂量当量为8.89×10~(-8)Sv·a~(-1),80km 范围内的集体有效剂量当量为7.17×10~(-4)人·Sv·a~(-1)。调查数据说明,该堆正常运行和假想事故期间对本地区的环境影响都是可以接受的。     

Fish Assemblages and Environmental Variables Associated with Gobiids in Nearshore Areas of the Lower Great Lakes

We investigated which fish species and environmental variables were associated with the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) in nearshore Canadian waters of the Huron-Erie corridor of the lower Great Lakes. We measured a suite of environmental variables and used triplicate beach seine samples to collect fishes in summer 2006. Thirty sites were sampled in the day and a subset (n = 14) at night. Of 1,955 individuals caught in daytime samples, round goby (21.0 %), spottail shiner (17.3%) and emerald shiner (14.2%) were most abundant. Of 1,521 individuals collected at night, the most abundant species were round goby (42.3%) and emerald shiner (24.1%). Tubenose gobies represented 1% and 1.7% of all individuals caught in the day and night, respectively. Rarefaction analysis showed that overall species richness was greater in the day than night. Significantly more emerald shiner (P = 0.017), rock bass (P = 0.046) and round goby (P = 0.035) were caught at night than in the day; more logperch were caught in the day than at night (P = 0.042). Round gobies were positively associated with water temperatures up to 24°, but there was no relationship between round goby abundance and warmer temperatures. There were too few tubenose goby captured to determine their statistical association with environmental factors; however, tubenose gobies were found only where round gobies were collected. Round goby and tubenose goby were associated with yellow perch and rock bass. The benthic round goby was the most abundant species, whereas other abundant species were pelagic, schooling fishes that occupied a habitat distinct from round goby.     

Environmental Geochemistry of Leachate From Leached Brown Coal Ash

The long-term disposal of ash from brown coal combustion requires a thorough understanding of the geochemical controls on leachate quality. The geochemistry of leachate in ash generated from the combustion of coal in the Latrobe Valley region of Victoria, Australia, has been studied in the field and laboratory. The field studies, conducted over 14 months, showed active leaching and changes in leachate chemistry in the ash with mobilization of some trace elements. A further series of laboratory columns demonstrated similar leaching dynamics. Geochemical modeling indicated that both sulfate and carbonate minerals are the most likely solubility-controlling mineral phases in the ash. For regularly detected trace elements, such as As, Ba, and B but particularly Mo, Se, and Sr, the trends suggest that adsorption and coprecipitation controls are also important. The overall approach adopted in this paper has enabled a more realistic assessment of the controlling processes for solute transport during the active leaching phase of ash disposal, thereby improving long-term environmental management.     

新型环保非织造复合材料--负离子布

介绍了新型环保非织造复合材料——负离子布产品开发研制的过程及其工艺技术。指出了随着人们对环境保护意识的不断提高，这一新型非织造材料的问世将会带来很大的社会效益和经济效益。具有良好的市场应用前景。     

海水基硅稳定剂无毒泥浆在辽河葵花8井试验成功

为了满足辽河滩海地区环境保护的要求,在葵花8井使用了海水基硅稳定剂无毒泥浆。试验结果表明,该体系配方简单,性能稳定,易维护处理,配合使用无毒润滑剂后,泥浆体系满足了EPA规定的海洋毒性排放要求,防止了泥浆对海洋生物的影响。     

Numerical simulation of the spreading of buoyant gases over topographically complex terrain

Numerical analysis has been performed for predicting the dispersion of continuous released neutral gases (i.e. stack gases) from elevated or near-ground sources within regions of complex topography. The three-dimensional non-steady governing transport differential equations are solved by means of the numerical finite volume method, using a collocated variable arrangement. The turbulence effects on the flow property transport are simulated by the two-equation k-ε turbulence model. Comparisons between calculated and measured data are presented, showing good agreement between them. The method is employed to predict continuous releases within a fictitious industrial plant. The height of the source, the atmospheric stability class, the topography and the wind speed and primary direction are varied, in order to point out the effect of topography on the pollutant's dispersion.     

风景区旅游接待建筑规模探讨

风景区旅游接待建筑规模的研究，对整体地把握接待建筑在风景区建设的数量，提高风景整体环境质量以及经济与社会效益有着积极的作用。分析和探讨了旅游接待建筑的基本制约因素及建设规模。     

Model Estimates of the Contributions of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Buildings

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in office buildings originate from multiple sources, such as outdoor air, building materials., occupants, office supplies, and office equipment. Many of the VOC found in office buildings are also present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), e.g., benzene, toluene, formaldehyde. Measurements made to date in office buildings have been interpreted by some to imply that the contributions of ETS to VOC exposures in office buildings are small. We have made a first order estimate of the contributions of ETS to VOC concentrations based on the VOC content of ETS and a time-dependent mass-balance model. Four different ventilation-infiltration scenarios were modelled for a typical office building. The results indicate that ETS can contribute significantly to total indoor levels of VOC in office buildings, even under moderate ventilation conditions. Ranges of concentrations for three of the four modelled scenarios substantially overlapped measured ranges of the compounds in office buildings. Average daytime concentrations of benzene from ETS, for example, for three of the four modelled scenarios, ranged from 2.7 to 6.2 μg m^?3, compared to reported measurements of 1.4 to 8.1 μg m^?3 for four office buildings. Under a “worst reasonable” case scenario, the average modelled ETS-contributed concentration of benzene was 33.9 μg m^?3 for a 40-hour work week.     

空调节能设计先行——建立以节能为主导的设计模式

节能环保是我国国策，设计是制冷空调行业的龙头，建立以节能为主导的设计模式至关重要。     

辐射技术在废水及污泥处理中的应用

综述了国内外在用辐射技术处理废水及污泥方面的研究概况，其中包括工业废水中酚，氰化物，木质素，重金属的去除及染料脱色，各种饮用水的消毒处理，污泥辐射处理的研究及实际应用等。