绿色产品设计方法研究

所谓绿色产品就是既能满足使用要求，又有利于环境保护的产品，设计生产绿色产品是社会发展的必然趋势。本文提出了绿色产品的设计方法，讨论了实施绿色设计的关键技术，表明了绿色设计是并行工程的发展，是一种面向系统的方法。绿色设计的实施不仅需要专业工程知识，更需要全民环保意识的加强。     

浅析电解铝企业的环境污染问题及治理措施

近年来,我国电解铝行业持续快速发展,由此造成的环境压力也十分突出。该文从电解铝生产系统出发,对电解铝企业产生的环境污染问题进行了阐述,并结合当下铝行业发展水平分析了电解铝企业环境污染治理措施。     

绿色产品设计的材料选择

绿色材料及其选择是实现绿色产品设计的关键因素。本文根据绿色产品设计的要求，提出了适于绿色产品设计的材料及概念，并阐述了如何选择绿色材料，实现产品的绿色性能，使产品具有所要求的功能及环境适应性．     

环境样品的采集与制样仪器设备技术

从环境监测的需求与环境监测技术规范出发。结合环境监测中的样品采集和样品制备技术，尤其是国内生产的采样和制样仪器设备的发展现状，系统评述了我国环境监测采样、制样仪器设备行业存在的问题．市场需求和技术发展趋势。     

An Internet of Things Platform for Air Station Remote Sensing and Smart Monitoring

Air pollution is currently receiving more attention by international governments and organizations. Nevertheless, current systems for air quality monitoring lack essential requirements which are key in order to be effective concerning users’ access to the information and efficient regarding real-time monitoring and notification. This paper presents an Internet of Things platform for air station remote sensing and smart monitoring that combines Big Data and Cloud Computing paradigms to process and correlate air pollutant concentrations coming from multiple remote stations, as well as to trigger automatic and personalized alerts when a health risk for their particular context is detected. This platform has been tested by analyzing the results of observing Andalusian, South of Spain, sensor network during a long period of time. The results show that this novel solution can help to reduce the impact of air pollution on human health since citizens are alerted in real time.     

基于区块链的环境监测数据安全传输方案

随着物联网的飞速发展,环境监测系统极大地提高了政府日常运作的效率和透明度。但是,大多数现有的环境监测系统都是以集中的方式提供服务,并且严重依赖人工控制。高度集中的系统架构容易受到外部攻击;此外,不法分子破坏数据真实性相对容易,导致公众对环境监测数据的信任度不高。针对这些问题,文中首先提出一种基于区块链的环境监测数据传输方案,监测设备获取的数据经过签名发送至数据采集终端,数据采集终端验证数据后将其写入区块链,智能合约对公众关心的数据进行实时分析并对外发布结果;其次,提出一种基于分组的PBFT共识算法,以提高系统的可扩展性。文中对方案进行了分析,结果表明,环境监测区块链保障了环境监测数据的安全性、真实性、完整性;同时结合具体案例验证了该方案的可行性。     

Recent water level changes across Earth's largest lake system and implications for future variability

Water levels on Lake Ontario, the most downstream of the Laurentian Great Lakes, reached a record high in the spring of 2017. This event was accompanied by widespread flooding and displacement of families. Water levels across all of the Great Lakes have risen over the past several years following a period of record low levels. When levels were low, public and expert discussion focused on the possibility that low levels would continue into the future due to climate change, diversions of water from the lakes, and dredging. During the current high water period, variability is being attributed to water management, despite evidence of unusually high precipitation and river flows across the region. Understanding and communicating the drivers behind water level variability, particularly in light of recent extremes, is a fundamental step towards improving regional water resources management and policy.     

Syngas production via coal char-CO2 fluidized bed gasification and the effect on the performance of LSCFN//LSGM//LSCFN solid oxide fuel cell

Fluidized bed reactor is widely used in coal char-CO_2 gasification. In this work, the production of syngas by using a fluidized bed gasification technique was first investigated and then the effect of the produced syngas on the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell with a configuration of La_(0.4)Sr_(0.6) Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.7)Nb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)//La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.83)Mg_(0.17)O_(3-δ)//La_(0.4)Sr_(0.6) Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.7)Nb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LSCFN//LSGM//LSCFN)was studied. During the syngas production, we found that the volume fraction of CO increased with the increment of gasification temperature, and it reached a maximum value of 88.8%, corresponding to a composition of 0.76% H_2, 88.8% CO, and 10.44% CO_2, when the ratio of oxygen mass flow rate to that of coal char(MO2/Mchar) increased to 0.29. In the following utilization of the produced syngas in solid oxide fuel cells, it was found that the increasing CO volume fraction in the syngas results in a gradual increase of the peak power density of the LSCFN//LSGM//LSCFN cell. The maximum peak power density of 410 m W/cm~2 was achieved for the syngas produced at 0.29 of M_(O2)/M_(char). In the stability test, the cell voltage decreased by 4% at a constant current density of 0.475 A/cm~2 after 54 h when fueled with the syngas with the composition of 0.76% H2, 88.8% CO, and 10.44% CO_2.It reveals that a carbon deposition with the content of 13.66% in the anode is attributed to the cell performance degradation.     

Association between objective and subjective assessments of environmental ergonomic factors in manufacturing plants

The association between objective and subjective assessments of environmental ergonomic factors including noise, lighting and heat were conducted in a field study in three manufacturing plants. Data were collected from 130 workstations using questionnaire and physical measurements of the noise (noise dosimetry), lighting (task area illuminance) and heat (wet bulb globe temperature – WBGT) levels. The recommended noise, illuminance and WBGT levels were not met in about half of the workstations surveyed, which was in agreement with low satisfaction levels with the environmental factors in the workplace. A considerable effect of the environmental factors was found on perceived workers' job performance, safety and health. The results from contingency coefficient analysis indicated a relatively good agreement between the measured noise, illuminance and WBGT levels and the workers' perception of these factors. The results suggest that quantitative physical measurements should be supplemented by qualitative subjective assessments to provide more specific and additional details about the environmental conditions in each workplace and consequently to improve workers' satisfaction, job performance, safety and health.Relevance to industryThe findings highlight the importance of environmental ergonomics and have implications for improvements in the design of the workplace to enhance workers' satisfaction, job performance, safety and health on areas where the environmental factors are not favourable. A better understanding of the environmental conditions and their effects in each working environment has the potential for a notable impact on productivity and workers' quality of life.     

Electronic medical record system avoidance in a turbulent environment

We attempt to understand why and when physicians avoid electronic medical record (EMR) systems in a turbulent environment. Set in the context of the United States military's combat operations, we develop a research model based on theories of ambivalence in organizations and our particular context. We test our model with 30,677 data points collected from an EMR system. Our results show that avoidance is lower when the potential for information reusability is strong, yet avoidance is higher in urgent care situations. Our study has implications for research, practice, and policy in the area of turbulent health-care environments.