过量PbO对TGG法定向生长PMNT多晶体动力学影响的研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺和添加过量 Pb O的 TGG方法实现了 PMNT多晶体沿 <0 0 1>方向的定向生长 ,对多晶体定向生长的动力学进行了详细的研究。结果表明 ,PMNT多晶体定向生长的厚度随过量 Pb O的增加而线性增加 ,它的生长是热激活扩散与溶解 -沉积过程二者综合作用的结果。只要选择适当的生长时间 ,在 PMNT基体中添加过量的Pb O,不但不会影响陶瓷的组分还可以显著提高多晶体的定向生长速度。而且 ,PMNT多晶体定向生长厚度与生长时间的 1/3方呈线性关系 ,属于典型的扩散控制的生长行为。实验表明 ,采用添加 2 0 %过量的 Pb O、在 115 0℃生长10 h是制备 PMNT取向多晶体较为合适的工艺条件     

One of the Primary Functions of Tissue-Resident Pluripotent Pericytes Cells May Be to Regulate Normal Organ Growth and Maturation: Implications for Attempts to Repair Tissues Later in Life

Adult mesenchymal stem cells were reported more than 30 years ago. Since then, their potential to repair and regenerate damaged or diseased tissues has been studied intensively in both preclinical models and human trials. Most of the need for such tissue repair/regeneration is in older populations, so much of the effort has been performed with autologous cells in older patients. However, success has been difficult to achieve. In the literature, it has been noted that such progenitor cells from younger individuals often behave with more vigorous activity and are functionally enhanced compared to those from older individuals or animals. In addition, cells with the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent mesenchymal regulatory cells exist in nearly all tissues and organs as pericytes since fetal life. Such evidence raises the possibility that one of the primary roles of these organ-specific cells is to regulate organ growth and maturation, and then subsequently play a role in the maintenance of organ integrity. This review will discuss the evidence to support this concept and the implications of such a concept regarding the use of these progenitor cells for the repair and regeneration of tissues damaged by injury or disease later in life. For the latter, it may be necessary to return the organ-specific progenitor cells to the functional state that contributed to their effectiveness during growth and maturation rather than attempting to use them after alterations imposed during the aging process have been established and their function compromised.     

Direct vapor phase growth process and robust photoluminescence properties of large area MoS2 layers

There has been growing research interest in the use of molybdenum disulfide in the fields of optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices, by virtue of its indirect-to-direct band gap tunability. However, obtaining large area thin films of MoS2 for future device applications still remains a challenge. In the present study, the amounts of the precursors （S and MOO3） were varied systematically in order to optimize the growth of highly crystalline and large area MoS2 layers by the chemical vapor deposition method. Careful control of the amounts of precursors was found to the key factor in the synthesis of large area highly crystalline flakes. The thickness of the layers was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties and chemical composition were studied by photoluminescence （PL） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The emergence of strong direct excitonic emissions at 1.82 eV （A-exciton, with a normalized PL intensity of -55 × 10^3） and 1.98 eV （B-exciton, with a normalized PL intensity of -5 × 10^3） of the sample at room temperature clearly indicates the high luminescence quantum efficiency. The mobility of the films was found to be 0.09 cm^2/（V.s） at room temperature. This study provides a method for the controlled synthesis of high-quality two-dimensional （2D） transition metal dichalcogenide materials, useful for applications in nanodevices, optoelectronics and solar energv conversion.     

Polycrystalline silicon films on glass grown by amorphous-liquid-crystalline transition at temperatures below 330 °C

An approach to deposit polycrystalline silicon layers on amorphous substrates is presented. It is shown that metastable amorphous silicon can be transformed into its more stable microcrystalline structure at a temperature below 330 °C via an intermediate liquid solution stage. In particular, the interaction of liquid indium nanodroplets in contact with amorphous silicon is shown to lead to the formation of circular polycrystalline domains. Crystallinity of these domains is analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The droplet size necessary for the onset of crystallization is related to the temperature of the film. Full coverage of the substrate with microcrystalline silicon has been obtained at 320 °C within less than one hour. These films might act as seeding layers for further enlargement by steady-state liquid phase epitaxy.     

Analysis of non-loading carrying fillet welds joint using SGBEM

Fatigue failure is probably the most common type of failure in welded construction. It is usually initiates at a stress concentration area within the structure. The fatigue behavior of non-load carrying cruciform fillet welded joint has been studied extensively using boundary element method. The symmetric boundary element method for multiple cracks problem is derived using Betti's reciprocal theorem in auxiliary fictitious state. High order element is proposed to solve the double integrals. The analysis demonstrates that symmetrical Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) can be used effectively for analyzing non-load carrying fillet welded cruciform joints containing any number of surface and embedded cracks. The stress intensity factor and the magnification factors M _k are analyzed. General formulation for this kind of fatigue life estimation is derived for engineering design purpose. The fatigue life estimate results are consistent with the code of practice and those of other researchers. This can provide a good method for engineering design under fatigue loading conditions.     

The Gestational Effects of Maternal Bone Marker Molecules on Fetal Growth,Metabolism and Long-Term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review

Fetal exposure in adverse environmental factors during intrauterine life can lead to various biological adjustments, affecting not only in utero development of the conceptus, but also its later metabolic and endocrine wellbeing. During human gestation, maternal bone turnover increases, as reflected by molecules involved in bone metabolism, such as vitamin D, osteocalcin, sclerostin, sRANKL, and osteoprotegerin; however, recent studies support their emerging role in endocrine functions and glucose homeostasis regulation. Herein, we sought to systematically review current knowledge on the effects of aforementioned maternal bone biomarkers during pregnancy on fetal intrauterine growth and metabolism, neonatal anthropometric measures at birth, as well as on future endocrine and metabolic wellbeing of the offspring. A growing body of literature converges on the view that maternal bone turnover is likely implicated in fetal growth, and at least to some extent, in neonatal and childhood body composition and metabolic wellbeing. Maternal sclerostin and sRANKL are positively linked with fetal abdominal circumference and subcutaneous fat deposition, contributing to greater birthweights. Vitamin D deficiency correlates with lower birthweights, while research is still needed on intrauterine fetal metabolism, as well as on vitamin D dosing supplementation during pregnancy, to diminish the risks of low birthweight or SGA neonates in high-risk populations.     

耐候钢异型坯连铸保护渣的工业试验

为控制耐候钢粘结漏钢及其裂纹等质量问题,针对耐候钢异型坯连铸的特殊性专门设计了保护渣,主要从提高原有保护渣的碱度R或F-含量等来实现控热,增强保护渣润滑性能,同时进行了工业性试验。通过优化保护渣性能,漏钢发生率由使用前的约7%减少到〈0.1%,保证了8炉以上连浇,基本解决了耐候钢粘结漏钢问题。     

钾素对小麦生长发育及籽粒产量的影响

１９９３～１９９５年采取田间试验和池栽试验相结合的方法,对钾素的增产效应进行了研究。结果表明：高产条件下增施钾肥,能够增加小麦植株基部１,２节间粗度和壁厚,提高植株抗倒能力;能够提高叶面积系数,增加旗叶Ｃｈｌ含量,减少Ｏ_２~－产生,降生ＭＤＡ含量,延缓叶片衰老促进干物质积累与运转,增粒增重,从而显著增加小麦产量。但施钾量超过 １５０ｋｇ．ｈｍ~２以后其效果有所下降。