Technical Brief: Fatigue Dimples

This technical brief is intended to warn failure analysts against assuming that dimples indicate overload fracture. Dimples simply mean that microvoid processes were active; these processes can occur in cyclic as well as monotonic fractures. The failure analyst must examine the entire fracture, the macroscopic as well as the microscopic features, to be confident of the cracking mode.     

A new approach to the positive mean stress diagram in mechanical design

The Gerber, modified Goodman, Soderberg, Bagci, ASME‐elliptic and Clemson diagrams are proposed for estimating mechanical element fatigue strength under positive mean and alternating stresses. However, all of these diagrams are either conservative or have fields containing stress greater than yield strength of mechanical element materials. The aim of this study was to propose a new simple diagram with an exponential power k for various types of mechanical element materials. Exponential power k values of steel and Al‐alloy materials were about 0.80 and 0.45, respectively. The proposed diagram (Sekercioglu line) had a minimum average absolute deviation (X_m) of 8.56 %, lower than the Bagci, ASME‐elliptic and Clemson diagrams. The Sekercioglu line can be successfully used in fatigue design processes because of its simple structure and its less conservative nature.     

Analysis of the fatigue behaviour characterized by stiffness and permanent deformation for different distal volar radius compression plates

Fractures of the distal radius are with 10% the most frequent fractures of the human skeleton. In order to stabilize the fracture which is essential for succesful bone-healing, distal volar compression using dorsal compression plates is often used. Among the most important, but until now sparsely investigated criteria for implant-quality is the fatigue behaviour of the system of radius and stabilizing implant. Several types of implants were tested in combination with synthetic bones in the fatigue regime. The fatigue behaviour of samples was characterized using the parameters stiffness, tilting angle and reduction of the fracture gap which can be expressed by the permanent deformation of the system. The study of the evolution of these properties allows an interpretation of the mechanisms governing fatigue. Thus, a comparison of different implant types was obtained. Results show that the geometry of the implant as well as the positioning and type of the used screws has a profound effect on the characteristics of the system.     

An investigation of fatigue failure prediction of adhesively bonded metal/metal joints

A fracture mechanics-based model for fatigue failure prediction of adhesive joints has been applied in this work. The model is based on the integration of the kinetic law of evolution of defects originated at stress concentrations within the joint. Final failure can be either brittle (fracture toughness-driven) or ductile (tensile/shear strength-driven) depending on the adhesive. The model has been validated against experiments conducted on single-lap shear joints bonded with a structural adhesive. Three different kinds of adhesives, namely a modified methacrylate, a one-part epoxy and a two-part epoxy supplied by Henkel, have been considered and three different overlap lengths have been tested. Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth properties of the adhesives have been determined with mode I tests. The number of cycles to failure has been successfully predicted in several cases. It is interesting to notice that in the case of joints loaded at the same average shear stress, the shorter the joint, the longer the duration. This fact is also captured by the model.     

Crack growth retardation following the application of an overload cycle using a strip-yield model

Experiments have shown that the application of an overload cycle can act to retard crack growth and even potentially lead to crack arrest. This paper describes a new method for investigating fatigue crack growth after the application of an overload cycle under plane stress conditions. The developed method is based on the concept of plasticity-induced crack closure and utilises the distributed dislocation technique and a modified strip-yield model. The present results are compared to previous experimental data for several materials. A good agreement is found, with the predictions showing the same trends in the various stages of post-overload crack growth.     

Einsatz des Ritzpendels zur Quantifizierung des Verschleißverhaltens bei der Bearbeitung von Naturstein

Use of a Scratch Pendulum for Quantification of the Abrasive Behaviour in Machining Stones The machining of natural stones is one of the most demanding applications of today´s cutting technique. Modern stone processing is based on grinding and it is usually done with diamond based tools. The achievable material removal rate is process dependant and mainly determined by tool speed and infeed. The tool durability depends on the adjustment of the parameters to the wear resistance of the processed material. This resistance is a material characteristic value. Using a scratch pendulum, it is possible to determine the energy needed to create a defined scratch and relate it to the induced material loss and the chipped material volume. The analysis provides a value which, after verification by industrial production data, can be seen as characteristic for the material. It therefore enables the quantification of a material dependant scratch resistance.     

Friction properties of carbon-carbon composites

The friction of composite materials based on carbon-carbon fiber over the counter-pair made from SG-T siliconized graphite is investigated. The friction conditions that appeared in the working period under definite loads are considered. The structure of the wear products is investigated by electron microscopy.     

圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮弯曲失效试验研究

本文通过6对齿轮试件的弯曲疲劳运转试验,分析了圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮几种典型的弯曲失效形式,断齿失效机理及不同因素对轮齿弯曲强度的影响,并提出了提高该齿轮承载能力的措施。     

液压泵的寿命预测及其延长寿命的措施

本文介绍了液压汞磨损寿命的计算方法.并从液压系统油液污染角度阐述液压汞污染磨损的失效机理和延长液压泵寿命的主要措施.     

不同启动工况对国产200MW汽轮机转子寿命的影响

阐述了不同启动工况对国产200MW汽轮机转子寿命的影响。并以朝阳电厂1号机试验资料为依据,分析了机组热态启动时再热蒸汽参数对中压缸转子寿命的影响。