Rapid determination of the fracture toughness of metallic materials using circumferentially notched bars

Three types of material whose fracture toughness tests were previously performed by using circumferentially notched bars, namely (1) a dual-phase steel with three different morphologies; (2) an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-wrought alloy; and (3) Al-Si-cast alloys with three different Si contents, were investigated in terms of accuracy and reliability of the testing method. Also, the advantages of using circumferentially notched bars for fracture toughness determination of metallic materials were discussed. With the help of stress concentration factors, which are associated with the bluntness of the notch, correction factors for the fracture toughness calculations are derived. The corrected fracture toughness values are found to be close to the uncorrected ones, implying that the testing procedure is reliable.     

Oscillating Cup Viscosity Measurements of Aluminum Alloys: A201, A319 and A356

An oscillating cup viscometer was developed to measure the absolute viscosities of molten metals. Previous experiments established the capability of the apparatus to characterize the viscosities of molten nickel-based superalloys. However, modifications to the instrument and its theoretical analysis were required for reliable measurements on molten aluminum alloys, presumably due to their lower densities and lower viscosities. The theoretical literature for the fluid flow inside an oscillating cup is reviewed, and a working equation without any correction factor is developed for the improved viscometer. Some design parameters of the viscometer that directly affect the accuracy of viscosity estimation by using the working equation are discussed. A special vertical furnace was adopted to uniformly heat a longer cylindrical sample (10 mm inner diameter and 120 mm length) with a temperature difference of less than 2°C over the sample length. The measuring procedure was also improved to get more accurate motion parameters. It is estimated that the working equation and improved instrument provide an uncertainty of less than 4%. In addition, applications and experimental data are presented for pure aluminum and three aluminum alloys: A201, A319, and A356.     

Electroplating of nickel-cadmium alloys from alkaline solutions

The electroplating of Ni-Cd alloy coatings was carried out from alkaline baths (pH 10). For comparison, electroplating of the parent metals, Ni and Cd, was performed individually under the same conditions. The cathodic current efficiency for codeposition was high and decreased with increasing current density. The codeposition process is an anomalous type of plating with Cd being the preferentially deposited metal. The Ni content in the deposits increased with increasing current density. This increase in Ni content improves the corrosion resistance and microhardness of the deposits. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the deposits consist of a mixture of Ni, β, γ, γ¹ phases.     

Crack growth in aluminium alloy sheet material under flight-simulation loading

Crack propagation tests were carried out on 2024-T3 sheet specimens to study the effects of omitting low-amplitude cycles from the gust-dominated TWIST load sequence (MiniTWIST) and the removal of small load ranges from the manoeuvre-dominated FALSTAFF load sequence (short FALSTAFF). In other tests high-amplitude loads of TWIST and MiniTWIST were truncated at different levels. The results are compared with data from similar test programmes, including crack initiation. Attention is paid to unstationary crack growth retardation and a transient retardation during initial crack growth started by an artificial crack.     

镍代钴矿用硬质合金的新进展

概述了镍代钴矿用硬质合金的国内外进展情况．     

制备W－Ni－Cu钨合金的热解还原法工艺探讨

用硝酸镍、氯化铜与乙酸镍、乙酸铜的溶液分别与钨粉混合，干燥，经热解还原法制备的Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ钨合金，其技术指标均可满足使用要求。文章分析、讨论了这两种工艺特性及存在的问题。采用硝酸镍、氯化铜代镍、铜所制备的钨合金，在热解还原过程中产生大量有毒气体、严重的污染环境。乙酸镍、乙酸铜代镍和铜制备的钨合金，在热解还原过程中较好地解决了对环境及产品的污染问题，并保持了热解还原工艺的特性。     

钛及钛合金中氧和氢的联合测定

叙述了用红外吸收法对钛及钛合金中氧和氢联合测定的方法，取得了测定的最佳条件。连续测定6次的相对标准偏差在10％以下，作加标回收试验的回收率为95．6％～103．9％。分析时间在3min以内，可应用于日常分析，结果满意。     

Corrosion fatigue of extruded magnesium alloys

Corrosion fatigue tests were carried out on extruded AZ31 (3% Al, 1% Zn, 0.3% Mn, Mg—the rest), AM50 (5% Al, 0.4% Mn, Mg—the rest) and ZK60 (5% Zn, 0.5% Zr, Mg—the rest) Mg alloys in air, NaCl-based and borate solutions. N_sol/N_air ratios (the relative fatigue life) were used for the analysis of the corrosion fatigue behavior of Mg alloys in various environments, where N_sol and N_air are the numbers of cycles to failure in the solution and in air, respectively. Extruded ZK60 alloy reveals very high fatigue and corrosion fatigue properties in comparison with other alloys. However, it has the lowest relative fatigue life (N_sol/N_air 10⁻³–10⁻²) or the highest sensitivity to the action of NaCl-based solutions in comparison with that of AM50 and AZ31 alloys (N_sol/N_air 10⁻²–10⁻¹). Under the same stress, the corrosion fatigue life of extruded alloys is significantly longer than that of die-cast alloys (N_sol for extruded AM50 in NaCl is two to three times longer than that of die-cast AM50).     

On the specific reactivity of platinum segregated layers on Pt80X20 (111) (X= Ni,Co, Fe) alloys

The influence of alloying of Pt with 20 at.% of Ni, Co and Fe has been studied in the hydrogenation of 1,3 butadiene. Iron induces the more important modifications, with both higher activity and selectivity. The results are discussed in terms of the surface segregation, the local order in surface and the electronic properties measured by photoemission of core levels.     

高强度钢的Zn—Ti合金新镀层

本文研究了一种Ｚｎ－Ｔｉ合金新镀层，经盐水浸泡、中性盐雾和大气暴露试验结果试验，其耐蚀明显超过镀Ｚｎ层，并与镀Ｃｄ层相近，用缺口持久拉伸试验检验氢脆性，拉伸持续时间超过２００ｈ，达到原航空部部颁标准（ＨＢ５０６７－８５），该镀层适用于高强度钢防护。