Validation of an effective oxidation pressure model for liquid binary alloys

Dynamic surface-tension measurements using the sessile drop method and acquisition times of a few seconds make it possible to study the evolution of the surface of molten metals and alloys and so reliably validate the predictive models of the interactions between pure liquid metals and an oxidizing atmosphere, in both an inert gas carrier and in a vacuum. The presence of active oxidation contributes to maintaining surface cleanness and then strongly affects the shape of the boundary separating oxidation and de-oxidation regimes. Recently the general physical–mathematical analysis we developed for pure liquid metals has been extended to liquid binary alloys and their oxides. In this work we present the experimental results of tests on some binary alloys chosen as test systems to try to obtain a preliminary validation of the extended model. The theoretical results obtained, indicating that the behaviour of the alloy towards oxidation tends to be similar to that of the less oxidizable component, have thus been confirmed experimentally.     

The dynamic viscosity of liquid Cu–Si alloys

The dynamic viscosity of liquid Cu–Si alloys is measured in the Cu-rich composition range (up to 40 at.% Si). The Arrhenius-law describing the temperature dependence of the viscosity holds for all alloys investigated. The viscosity isotherms, both experimental and from thermodynamic model calculations, show a broad maximum covering the homogenity ranges of the intermetallic phases. An interconnection of such findings with the atomic structure of the liquid alloys is briefly discussed.     

Deposition of CoPtP films from citric electrolyte

Magnetically hard CoPtP (up to 40 μm thickness) films for MEMS application were deposited from citrate electrolyte and considered in terms of their composition, structure, magnetic characteristics and deposition conditions. Films containing 83-92 at.% (a/o) Co were deposited in the presence of NaH₂PO₂ in the electrolyte, with current efficiency of about 20% (deposition rate 10-12 μm/h). Coercivity 2.7-2.8 kOe and remanence 3.0 kG were achieved magnetizing in the direction normal to the film plane. According to XRD analysis, films seem to consist of hexagonal phase of CoPt solid solutions. Current efficiency, composition and morphology of the films, as well as their magnetic characteristics, were influenced by the electrolyte prehistory and total charge passed through the electrolyte in previous operation.     

Calculation of solute-vacancy binding energy in dilute fcc and bcc alloys by diffusion

Due to excess charge of the solute with respect to solvent, the free energy of vacancy formation and migration in the neighbourhood of the solute will change. This results in a change in the solvent diffusivity. A relation for the solute vacancy binding energy for fcc and bcc lattices using enhancement factor has been derived considering the solute vacancy interactions to be limited to first neighbour and neglecting the changes in the solvent correlation factor.     

Configurational Entropies of Mixing in Solid Alloys

Entropy becomes an increasingly important contributor to the Gibbs energy at high temperatures with both non-configurational and configurational contributions to be considered. Some examples of where configurational entropies alone are important in determining the domain of phase stability of a solution phase are given. In phenomenological calculations, the modeling of configurational entropy should allow for short range order and be readily applicable to multicomponent systems. The use of Fowler-Yang-Li transforms is important in this regard by providing the opportunity for changing the functional variables in cluster calculations of the Gibbs energy from cluster probabilities or correlation functions to the considerably fewer point probabilities, just as in the Bragg-Williams approximation. This article was presented at the Multi-Component Alloy Thermodynamics Symposium sponsored by The Alloy Phase Committee of the joint EMPMD/SMD of The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS), held in San Antonio, Texas, March 12-16, 2006, to honor the 2006 William Hume-Rothery Award recipient, Professor W. Alan Oates of the University of Salford, UK. The symposium was organized by Y. Austin Chang of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Patrice Turchi of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer of the Technische Universitat Clausthal, Clauthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.     

Study on Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption by Metal Hydride Slurries Ⅰ. Absorption of Hydrogen by Hydrogen Storage Alloy MlNi_5 Suspended in Benzene

Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅａｌｌｏｙｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｌａｒｇｅｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｆｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｒｅａｄｙｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｔｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｍａｎｙｃｙｃｌｅｓｏｆａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｌｉｔｔｌｅｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ…     

等离子熔覆CoCrCuFeNiMn高熵合金组织研究

采用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢基体上制备了fcc结构的Co Cr Cu Fe Ni Mn高熵合金熔覆层,并研究了熔覆层的组织结构以及合金元素在基体中的扩散。结果发现,熔覆层显微组织为树枝晶,枝晶间为富Cu面心立方固溶体,晶格常数为0.3597 nm,有纳米编织组织析出。枝晶内为多种元素固溶的面心立方固溶体,晶格常数为0.3664 nm。高熵组元元素在熔合线靠近热影响区一侧形成元素的过渡区,过渡区宽度约为10μm。临近熔合线的热影响区内出现了大约70μm宽的铁素体带,该区域的珠光体因脱碳分解生成铁素体,Co在该区域扩散的距离最远。     

镁合金支架材料AZ81表面PLGA(PTX)/PLLA/MAO涂层的研究

在AZ81镁合金表面制备了抗腐蚀和药物释放复合涂层,并对其耐蚀性、药物释放性能及生物相容性进行研究。DSC和红外光谱数据表明,紫杉醇均匀分散在PLGA体系中。药物释放数据表明30 d后,药物释放率在80%左右。SEM、电化学阻抗、极化及镁离子释放数据表明,PLLA涂层通过有效填充微弧氧化膜表面的微孔与裂缝提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性。血液和细胞实验表明涂层镁合金血液相容性良好,无细胞毒性。     

医用金属材料离子释放机制、致病机理及防护

结合近年来国内外医用钛合金等金属材料在生物体和人体临床应用研究成果,研究了人体植入物等医用金属材料中Ni、Al、V等有害离子的释放机制、致病机理及防护(涂层)方法。系统分析了常用医用金属材料Ti6Al4V和Ti Ni形状记忆合金等钛合金在腐蚀等作用下有害离子的释放机制,有害离子及其形成化合物对人体的毒性作用,和常用表面改性技术制备涂层对于有害离子的抑制和防护作用。研究结果表明,近年来发展起来的表面改性技术显著提高钛合金耐蚀性,可以有效抑制有害离子的释放,提高钛合金的生物相容性。     

国内阻燃钛合金工程化技术研究进展

阻燃钛合金的研制是防止"钛火"事故的最直接的方法。美国、英国和俄罗斯等均在积极开展阻燃钛合金的阻燃机理及其工程化技术研究,我国阻燃钛合金的基础研究起步较早,但在工程化技术开发及应用方面停滞多年,导致被发达国家拉开差距。近五年来,在材料研制单位和应用研究单位的共同努力下,Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金工程化技术取得了显著进步。本文主要综述了近几年来国内阻燃钛合金工程化技术研究的最新进展;重点介绍了Ti40和WSTi3515S合金大型铸锭、大棒材及大尺寸板坯和环锻件的研制情况,并介绍了阻燃钛合金机械加工技术和摩擦点燃阻燃性能评价方法,最后对我国阻燃钛合金未来发展进行了展望。