高体积比SiCp/6063Al复合材料的铝基钎料制备及钎焊工艺研究

采用快速甩带技术制备了(Al-10Si-20Cu-0.05Ce)-1Ti(质量分数/%)急冷箔状钎料,并对60%体积分数的SiCp/6063Al复合材料进行真空钎焊实验,然后对钎料及接头的显微组织与性能进行测定和分析。结果表明,急冷钎料的微观组织细小、成分均匀,厚80~90μm,主要包含Al、CuAl2、Si和Al2Ti等相。当升高钎焊温度(T/℃)或延长保温时间(t/min),SiCp/钎料界面的润湿性改善,6063Al基体/钎料间互扩散和溶解作用增强,接头连接质量逐渐提高。当T=590℃、t=30min时,接头抗剪强度达到112.6 MPa;当T=590℃、t=50min时,少量小尺寸SiCp因液态钎料排挤而分散于钎缝,因加工硬化而使接头强度递增7.3%。然而,当T≥595℃、t≥60min时,SiCp偏聚于钎缝,导致接头组织恶化,且剪切断裂以脆性断裂为主。综合考虑钎焊成本与接头强度使用要求,确定最佳钎焊工艺为590℃、30min。     

Brazing temperature-dependent interfacial reaction layer features between CBN and Cu-Sn-Ti active filler metal

CBN/Cu-Sn-Ti (CBN: cubic boron nitride) composites are prepared by active brazing sintering at 1123 K, 1173 K, 1223 K and 1273 K, respectively. The effects of brazing temperature on the wettability, interfacial characteristics, and elemental distribution variations are fully investigated. When the brazing temperature is below 1223 K, completely uncoated and/or partially coated CBN particles with sharp edges can still be observed, and the reaction layer, mainly composed of TiN and TiB2, appears to be thin and uneven. When the brazing temperature is 1223 K, all CBN particles are completely coated, suggesting that adequate wetting has taken place. Besides, as Ti diffuses thoroughly and enriches the interface, the reaction layer, filled primarily by TiN, TiB₂ and TiB, becomes thicker (about 1.30 μm), more uniform, stable and continuous. Further increasing the temperature to 1273 K is unnecessary or even harmful as the reaction layer thickness undergoes negligible change yet some tiny micro-cracks appear on the interface, which may likely deteriorate the grinding capability of the final brazing products.     

PMMA基纳米核-壳微粒改性R-PVC研究

探讨了经过特殊表征的有机刚性粒子—ＰＭＭＡ基核－壳型有机刚性粒子（ｃｏｒｅ－ｓｈｅｌｒｉｇｉｄｏｒｇａｎｉｃｆｉｌｅｒ）对Ｒ－ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ体系的增韧和增强作用及其对加工流变性的影响。研究发现,适当粒径的核－壳型粒子与Ｒ－ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ基体在适当配比下共混,常温（２３℃）下,可使ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ基体的冲击强度和断裂伸长率得到提高,断裂强度、屈服强度、硬度和加工流变性也有所改善,而在低温（－１０℃）下几乎没有增韧效果。     

乙烯裂解炉辐射段炉管Cr20Ni32Nb材料的焊接工艺

乙烯裂解炉炉管采用的高铬镍合金材料在焊接过程中易出现热裂纹的问题,针对该问题,在工程实际中对乙烯裂解炉辐射段炉管材料—Cr20Ni32Nb进行焊接性分析和焊接工艺评定,采用“超合金化”焊接材料,并制定合理的焊接工艺,成功地解决了Cr20Ni32Nb高铬镍材料离心铸造炉管的焊接热裂纹问题。     

Ti3Al对TiCu15Ni15钎料组织的影响

分别以0％，25％，50％，75％，100％比例的Ti3A1替换TiCu15Ni15中Ti，对所得的钎料进行组织形貌及成分分析。研究结果表明：钎料合金由先结晶低Cu，Ni含量相和后结晶的高Cu，Ni含量相组成，随TiaAl增加。低Cu，Ni含量相减少，高Cu，Ni含量相增加，同时由于Nb含量增加，背散射图像发生变化，先结晶相由灰色逐渐变为亮白色，后结晶相成分偏析增加，先结晶高Nb相为灰色，后结晶低Nb相为黑色，至5^#合金形态发生显著变化，灰色相由块团状变为短条或片状，其中央为白色边缘为灰色，这将引起性能变化。     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB

Brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB was carried out at 1273–1373 K for 60–1800 s. The relationship of brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1323–1373 K, brazing time is 250–300 s. The maximum shear strength of the joint is 240–250 MPa. Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB, namely, TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds formed close to the Ti₃Al alloy. TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds layer formed between TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds and the filler metal and a Ni[s,s] solid solution formed in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti₃Al alloy joints with the filler metal NiCrSiB is Ti₃Al/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/Ni[s,s] solid solution/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/Ti₃Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The formation of over many intermetallic compounds TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) in the brazed joints of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB are 349 kJ/mol and 24.02 mm²/s, respectively, and the growth formula was y²=24.04exp(−41977.39/T)t. Careful control of the growth of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) can influence the final joint strength.     

无机填料对水泥固化泥炭土强度的影响

通过无侧限抗压强度和扫描电镜试验,研究了无机填料种类和粒径对水泥固化泥炭土强度的影响.结果表明：水泥固化泥炭土强度随着石英砂掺量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,20%石英砂掺量下水泥固化泥炭土强度最高;当石英砂粒径d>1.0 mm时,水泥固化泥炭土强度提升有限,而当d<0.5 mm时,水泥固化泥炭土强度提升明显;高岭土颗粒可有效填充泥炭土孔隙,有利于水泥联结无机填料和泥炭土颗粒,且水泥联合高岭土固化泥炭土的强度明显优于水泥联合石英砂;当泥炭土含水率为600%,高岭土掺量从5%增至30%时,28 d龄期水泥固化泥炭土强度的增幅为58.5%~116.6%.     

Evaluation of Dielectric Properties of CCTO-BT/Epoxy Composites for Electronic Applications

In the current study, the calcium copper titanate (CCTO)/epoxy, barium titanate (BT)/epoxy and CCTO-BT/epoxy composite samples with variable volume fractions of CCTO and BT are fabricated using hand lay-up and compression moulding process. The composite samples are characterized for the frequency dependence on dielectric properties, conductivity, impedance spectroscopy and electrical modulus. X-ray diffraction (XRD) representation of CCTO-BT/epoxy composite samples confirmed the presence of both CCTO and BT ceramic samples separately. The dielectric characteristics of hybrid CCTO-BT/epoxy composite samples with CCTO∶BT ratio of 40∶60, 60∶40, and 50∶50 was found relatively better than those of single ceramic filler reinforced epoxy composites. AC conductivity analysis shows improvement in the results of hybrid filler-filled CCTO-BT/epoxy composites in comparison with single filler-filled epoxy composite. 50∶50 CCTO-BT/epoxy composite shows the best AC conductivity value of ~2.2×10^-5 ohm^-1·m-1 at a higher frequency of 1 MHz. The impedance analysis confirms the higher insulating properties for hybrid 40∶60 and 60∶40 CCTO-BT/epoxy composites with respect to the single and other hybrid ceramic epoxy composites. The analysis suggests the hybrid CCTO-BT/epoxy composites to be adopted as a potential dielectric material for energy storage devices and other electronic applications.     

大掺量磷石膏用于路基填料的性能试验研究

为探索磷石膏大掺量、规模化、资源化利用路径,分别以自制固化剂和水泥为胶凝材制备大掺量磷石膏路基填料,开展大掺量磷石膏混合料的击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验及疏水改性试验,分析大掺量磷石膏与自制固化剂和水泥的适配性、击实特性、强度特性、耐水性能。结果表明,采用水泥或自制固化剂改性磷石膏击实曲线呈单峰变化趋势,且含水率偏低时对大掺量磷石膏混合料的干密度影响较小;相同配比时,固化剂体系大掺量磷石膏混合料7d无侧限抗压强度是水泥体系的1.5倍以上,磷尾砂与自制固化剂的适配性优于黏土,且配比为90%磷石膏+10%固化剂的大掺量磷石膏混合料7d无侧限抗压强度度达3.4MPa,经疏水改性后强度提升至4.2MPa,疏水剂与自制固化剂的复配较好地改善了磷石膏自身亲水特性,提升了其水稳性能。