金银花中绿原酸的提取及检测

采用多种方法分别从金银花中提取绿原酸，用紫外光谱法和高效液相色谱法对其进行定性定量分析。同时用金银花乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌进行抗菌试验。绿原酸提取试验结果表明：用70％乙醇热回流提取是金银花中绿原酸提取的最佳方法，获得绿原酸的提取率高于其他方法，提取终产物与标准品的最高吸收峰均在324nm处，终产物中绿原酸的含量为43．35％。抗菌试验结果表明：金银花提取物具有较强的抑菌活性。     

前胡、矮地茶、槐米复合提取物在卷烟中的应用及其毒理学评价

为了降低吸烟的危害,对添加前胡、矮地茶、槐米复合提取物卷烟的燃吸品质及其烟气的危害性分别进行了感官评价和毒理学评价。结果表明:①含2‰该提取物的卷烟,香气丰满,烟味谐调,余味舒适;②含2‰该提取物的卷烟烟气急性毒性、染色体损伤的遗传毒性、细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤均明显低于未加提取物的卷烟;没有阳性致突变反应;哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性和染色体畸变稍低于未加添加提取物的卷烟,但没有统计学差异。     

Characterization of antioxidant activity of extracts from Flos Lonicerae

Antioxidants are emerging as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for various diseases. However, little is known about the antioxidant property of the extract from Flos Lonicerae, a medically useful traditional Chinese medicine herb. Here the antioxidant capacity of water, methanolic and 70% ethanolic extracts prepared from Flos Lonicerae to scavenge DPPH radical and reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ is evaluated. Chlorogenic acid, a major component of Flos Lonicerae, is identified and further purified from 70% ethanolic extract with HPLC and its antioxidant capacity is also characterized. The content of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae is determined. The present results demonstrate that all Flos Lonicerae extracts examined here exhibit antioxidant activity and chlorogenic acid is a major contributor to this activity, which implicates that the Flos Lonicerae extract may serve as potential source of natural antioxidants for treatment of some diseases.     

安徽野菊花挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野菊花挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定挥发油化学成分,同时结合直观推导式演进特征投影法解析重叠色谱峰,并采用总体积积分法进行定量。鉴定出66种化合物,占总含量的75.32%,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物、匙叶桉油烯醇、6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-2-ol和反式长松香芹醇。安徽产野菊花挥发油的化学成分主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等。采用GC-MS联用技术结合直观推导式演进特征投影法分析安徽产野菊花挥发油,提高了定性定量结果的准确性。     

川渝地区金银花HPLC指纹图谱的研究

采用HPLC法测定十个不同商品来源的金银花样品,建立川渝地区金银花药材甲醇溶解部分的HPLC指纹图谱,为科学评价与有效控制金银花质量提供新方法。色谱条件为C18柱,甲醇-1%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长237nm,体积流量1.0mL/min,柱温30℃。结果表明,该方法能够很好地分离川渝地区金银花的主要成分;不同产地金银花药材指纹图谱相似度较好,建立了含有11个特征指纹峰的川渝地区金银花标准指纹图谱;HPLC标准指纹图谱具有良好的重现性和特征性。      

不同提取方法对槐米多糖抗氧化活性的影响

利用超声辅助提取法和热水浸提法分别提取槐米多糖,苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量,采用还原能力、超氧阴离子自由基（O-2·）的清除能力、DPPH有机自由基的清除能力、羟自由基（·OH）的清除能力作为体外抗氧化作用评价的四个指标,并与VC、BHT进行比较。结果表明:超声波提取多糖得率比热水浸提法提高了21.6%;在0.125².0mg/m L浓度范围内,对自由基清除作用:VC>超声提取多糖>水提多糖>BHT。其中,超声提取多糖对O-2·（清除率,70.78%）和·OH（清除率,75.34%）的清除力略高于水提多糖（清除率分别为62.28%和70.45%）,低于VC的清除力（清除率分别为98.21%和94.53%）。由此可见,槐米粗多糖有一定的抗氧化活性,而且不同提取方法得到的槐米多糖的抗氧化活性不同。      

金银花红外鼓风干燥特性、失水动力学及干制品品质研究

目的:研究金银花的红外鼓风干燥特性及其动力学模型。方法:金银花在不同温度（35、45、55℃）条件下进行红外鼓风干燥,计算水分比、干燥速率等参数,拟合建立干燥动力学数学模型,并测定干制品的色泽、主要成分等干燥特性。结果:金银花在红外鼓风干燥过程中,干燥温度越高,用时越短,降速阶段为其干燥的主要阶段。干燥的动力学模型拟合结果表明Page模型的预测值与实验值吻合性好,可以用来预测和描述金银花红外鼓风干燥的失水过程。费克第二定律求得干燥过程中的水分有效扩散系数（Deff）在5.06606×10-9⁷.59909×10-8m2/s内,且随温度的升高而增大;阿伦尼乌斯方程计算得出金银花红外鼓风干燥平均活化能为113.569 k J/mol。35℃时金银花的色差值ΔE最小,有效成分含量最高,与阴干相比可提高效率并保证产品质量。结论:金银花红外鼓风干燥的主要阶段为降速阶段,Page模型适于预测和描述其失水过程,35℃红外干燥与阴干相比可提高效率,且产品品质更优。      

不同采收期对月季花总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

目的:通过比较月季花不同采收期总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性,确定月季花的最佳采收期,为月季花临床用药的有效性奠定理论基础。方法:采用回流提取法提取月季花提取物,紫外分光光度法测定月季花总黄酮含量,以清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)及羟基自由基(OH·)的能力来评价不同采收期月季花抗氧化活性。结果:不同采收期总黄酮含量变化为:4月份>5月份>9月份>10月份>11月份>6月份>7月份>8月份。以4月份采收月季花总黄酮含量最高,含量达到(152.28±1.69) mg/g。不同采收期月季花提取物均有较好的抗氧化活性,其中7月份采收的月季花提取物体外抗氧化活性最强。结论:月季花提取物中总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性正相关,但其抗氧化活性受采收期和提取物中的其他杂质的影响。     

Comparative study on rare earth elements from Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae

Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae are two kinds of traditional Chinese medicines. In this work, the two kinds of traditional Chi-nese medicines collected from eleven areas of Dezhou, were analyzed by inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to compare the content and distribution of 14 kinds of rare earth elements (REEs). The method was verified by analyzing GBW07605 certified reference material. The results showed that ICP-MS is an accurate, sensitive and reliable technique for determining REEs in traditional Chinese medi-cine. There were big differences in contents for REEs in Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae from different areas. The contents of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples from different areas ranged from 1.0785 to 2.2659 g/g, while those in Fructus Sophorae from 0.6826 to 1.0527 g/g. The contents of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples from different areas were obviously higher than those in Fructus Sophorae of the same area and there was big difference between various Flos Sophorae samples. Interestingly, the higher the content of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples, the lower the content of total REEs in Fructus Sophorae samples of the same area. The plots of normalized element con-centration versus atomic number showed some characteristic distribution trends. The distribution trend of light REEs (La-Gd) was relatively flat except a positive Eu anomaly, however, that was steep and discrepant for heavy REEs (Tb-Lu). The results could provide a valuable ref-erence for understanding the relationship between the curative mechanism, pharmacology characteristics and their geological condition for the two traditional Chinese medicines investigated.