首钢低温高韧性系列船板的研发

介绍了首钢采用低碳成分设计和TMCP工艺开发E级船板的关键控制技术和工艺路线。通过低碳、Nb、Ti微合金化的成分设计、控制钢水纯净度、采用合理的两阶段控制轧制及控制冷却工艺,得到钢质纯净、组织细化的E级船板钢。试制结果表明,拉伸性能、Z向性能、冷弯性能、低温冲击韧性等各项力学性能良好,产品质量完全符合GB712—2000国家标准要求,并达到船级社生产认证要求水平。     

Effect of submerged arc welding parameters on microstructure of SA516 steel weld metal

Abstract

The influence of submerged arc welding (SAW) process parameters on the microstructure of SA516 grade 70 steel weld metal (WM) was investigated in the present work. Steel plates of 17 mm thickness were submerged arc welded using welding currents of 700–850 A and welding speeds of 5·3–15·3 mm s^?1. The morphologies and volume fractions of the various ferrites in the WM were studied using optical microscopy and the morphologies and chemical compositions of the WM inclusions were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results showed that the WM grain structure coarsened but the grain width of prior austenite grains decreased with increasing heat input. Also, the proportion of acicular ferrite (AF) in the WM increased initially, while the volume fractions of grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstätten ferrite decreased with increasing welding current. However, with further increasing the welding current above 800 A, less AF was produced. The weld nugget area decreased with increasing welding speed at all currents, but did not affect the amount of AF produced.

Au cours de ce travail, on a examiné l’influence des paramètres du procédé de soudage à l’arc sous flux en poudre (SAW) sur la microstructure du métal soudé (WM) de l’acier SA516, Gr. 70. On a soudé à l’arc sous flux en poudre des tôles d’acier de 17 mm d’épaisseur en utilisant des courants de soudage de 700 à 850 A et des vitesses de soudage de 5·3 à 15·3 mm s^?1. On a étudié la morphologie ainsi que la fraction volumique des diverses ferrites du WM en utilisant la microscopie optique et l’on a examiné la morphologie ainsi que la composition chimique des inclusions du WM en utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM) et la spectroscopie à dispersion d’énergie (EDS). Les résultats ont montré que la structure de grain du WM grossissait mais que la largeur de grain des grains antérieurs d’austénite diminuait avec une augmentation de l’apport de chaleur. Également, la proportion de ferrite aciculaire (AF) dans le WM augmentait initialement, alors que les fractions volumiques de ferrite des joints de grain (GBF) et de ferrite de Widmanstatten (WF) diminuaient avec l’augmentation du courant de soudage. Cependant, avec une augmentation supplémentaire du courant de soudage au-dessus de 800 A, moins de ferrite aciculaire était produite. La région du noyau de soudure diminuait avec une augmentation de la vitesse de soudage à toutes les valeurs de courant, mais la quantité d’AF produite n’était pas affectée.     

距离幂次反比法品位估计公式中参数确定的遗传算法

应用遗传算法提出了自动确定距离幂次反比法品位估计公式中最优幂次的方法。该方法根据生存竞争的自然进化法则，对众多随机生成的幂次进行类似于生物进化时发生的复制、交换、变异等若干个改良操作，淘汰极不合理的幂次，改良较合理的幂次，最后优选出具有很高品位估计精度的幂次。该方法完全不依赖人，具有很好的客观性和通用性。     

What are the differences in driver injury outcomes at highway-rail grade crossings? Untangling the role of pre-crash behaviors

Crashes at highway-rail grade crossings can result in severe injuries and fatalities to vehicle occupants. Using a crash database from the Federal Railroad Administration (N = 15,639 for 2004–2013), this study explores differences in safety outcomes from crashes between passive controls (Crossbucks and STOP signs) and active controls (flashing lights, gates, audible warnings and highway signals). To address missing data, an imputation model is developed, creating a complete dataset for estimation. Path analysis is used to quantify the direct and indirect associations of passive and active controls with pre-crash behaviors and crash outcomes in terms of injury severity. The framework untangles direct and indirect associations of controls by estimating two models, one for pre-crash driving behaviors (e.g., driving around active controls), and another model for injury severity. The results show that while the presence of gates is not directly associated with injury severity, the indirect effect through stopping behavior is statistically significant (95% confidence level) and substantial. Drivers are more likely to stop at gates that also have flashing lights and audible warnings, and stopping at gates is associated with lower injury severity. This indirect association lowers the chances of injury by 16%, compared with crashes at crossings without gates. Similar relationships between other controls and injury severity are explored. Generally, crashes occurring at active controls are less severe than crashes at passive controls. The results of study can be used to modify Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to account for crash injury severity. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of safety by incorporating pre-crash behaviors in a broader framework that quantifies correlates of crash injury severity at active and passive crossings.     

E36高强度船板钢的开发

介绍了湘钢宽厚板厂开发E36高强度船板钢的主要技术思路和工艺路线。通过合理的成分设计、钢水纯净度控制和控轧控冷工艺,得到钢质纯净、组织细化的E36级船板,使其具有优异的综合力学性能,满足了船级社的认证要求。     

银山铅锌矿现场矿石管理的经验

为充分利用有限的铅锌资源,稳定铅锌供矿品位,降低生产成本,提高矿山经济效益,经过多年配矿实践,总结出一个普通的稳定供矿品位技术管理模式即回采作业地质指导→现场矿石管理(井下出矿管理+配矿)→稳定供矿品位,此管理模式具有一定的推广应用价值.     

高钢级管线钢的组织特征和强韧性

背散射(EBSD)和扫描(SEM)电子显微镜及力学性能试验表明,微合金化X70、X80和X100管线钢的组织由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和少量下贝氏体组成;随钢的有效晶粒尺寸降低、贝氏体含量增加以及组织均匀性提高,高钢级管线钢的强韧性明显增加。     

提高金堆城选铜指标的实践

介绍了近３年来金堆城华光实业总公司有色金属选矿厂采取技术措施,提高选铜指标的生产实践经验。     

首钢京唐低硅低镁烧结技术的研究与应用

为了进一步改善5 500m~3特大型高炉精料入炉水平,首钢京唐炼铁作业部在停配白云石熔剂实现自然镁烧结的基础上,结合相关烧结杯试验做了微观组织结构研究。根据生产实际,通过采取优化配矿结构以及调整过程控制参数等措施,逐步降低烧结矿SiO_2与MgO质量分数生产低硅低镁烧结矿。通过低硅低镁烧结技术的应用,首钢京唐炼铁作业部在改善烧结矿品位稳定强度、粒度的基础上保证了入炉精料水平,并取得了较好的效果,为首钢京唐5 500m~3特大型高炉提高综合入炉品位、降低渣比以及喷煤降焦创造了良好的原料条件。     

矿块品位计算的神经网络方法

针对露天生产矿山分层矿块品位的计算,运用误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络方法建立了矿块品位计算的B—P神经网络模型,应用该模型对某露天矿1080m水平的矿块品位进行了计算,结果表明B—P网络模型用于矿块品位计算具有客观性和实用性。