变形条件对SiCp/2014Al复合材料力学行为和晶粒度的影响

研究了变形温度,应变速率和变形程度等热加工参数对ＳｉＣｐ／２０１４Ａｌ复合材料力学行为和晶粒度的影响。结果表明,该材料的流动应力对变形温度和应变速率比较敏感。变形每升高４０℃,流动应力降低５￣１０ＭＰａ,应变速率每提高一个数量级,流动应力增加１．３￣１．８们。提高应变整编有利于获得细晶组织。以足够的变形程度锻造以及适当提高锻后冷却速度均有利于获得细晶组织。根据实验结果确定了该材料的流动应力与热加工     

超声波开始导入时的熔体温度对Al-Cu合金铸锭组织的影响

研究超声波开始导入时的熔体温度(即熔体过热度)对铝铜合金铸锭组织的影响,分析超声波处理条件下,熔体过热度对铝铜合金铸锭细化率的影响因素.结果表明,随着开始导入时熔体过热度的增加,铸锭的细化效果大幅度地降低.     

Microstructure and thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 prepared by mechanical alloying and plasma activated sintering

Starting from elemental bismuth, tellurium and selenium powders, n-type Bi₂Te_2.85Se_0.15 solid solution with fine microstructure was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and plasma activated sintering (PAS) in the present work. The effect of PAS process on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the sintered samples was investigated. The sintering temperature of PAS process (683 K) was 80–100 K lower than that of conventional hot pressing and the whole PAS process was also greatly shortened to about 30 min. A preferentially orientated microstructure with the basal planes (0 0 l) perpendicular to pressing direction was formed in the PASed sample and the maximum figure of merit (Z) at room temperature was 1.80 × 10⁻³ K⁻¹.     

铝合金铸件凝固微观模拟研究

通过对国内外微观组织模拟方法和对微观晶粒的形核和生长的研究,开发了微观组织模拟软件。利用该软件对Al-Si合金铸件凝固过程的微观组织形态进行了数值模拟,并能预测铸件的力学性能。模拟结果与实验的结果比较接近,说明了该软件具有应用前景,但部分功能还有待在实践中进一步完善。     

Production of Al–Ti–B master alloys from Ti sponge and KBF4

It is of great interest to replace the K₂TiF₆ salt so as to reduce the volume of fluoride-bearing particulate material to be added to the aluminium melt in the popular “halide salt” process. Ti sponge was used in the present work as the source of Ti in the production of an Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner. Addition of Ti granules into molten aluminium, either premixed with or before KBF₄ salt, has produced Al–5Ti–1B alloys where the boride particles were relatively few and predominantly of the AlB₂ type. The grain refining efficiency of these alloys were far from satisfactory. TiB₂ was the dominant boride phase with sufficient number of blocky aluminide particles when Ti, in excess of the TiB₂ stoichiometry was supplied before hand and the balance was reserved for co-addition with KBF₄. Al₃Ti particles were generated soon after the Ti solubility limit was exceeded in the first step while the boride particles were subsequently produced by the reaction between molten aluminium, KBF₄ and K₂TiF₆. The Al–5Ti–1B master alloy thus produced provided an adequate grain refining performance while the amount of particulate material to be added to the aluminium melt was reduced by nearly 30%.     

直接电解A356合金的熔体变质处理

研究了直接电解低钛A356合金锶变质处理及其衰退行为对合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,熔体细化处理与变质处理存在交互作用,锶含量增加,合金晶粒细化,二次枝晶臂间距减小,并且变质效果越来越好.合金未变质或未完全变质时,共晶硅以不连续短棒状为主;锶含量增加至0.01%时,硅相形态发生突变,硅相完全变质,形态转变为细小珊瑚、蠕虫状结构.最佳锶含量范围为0.02%～0.03%,T5热处理后,硅相球化效果越好,可得到高的强韧性能指标.锶变质衰退研究表明,延长保温时间,合金晶粒明显长大,保温150 min后共晶硅形态从完全变质时的珊瑚状又逐渐演变为棒状结构.表明A356合金的细化效果和Si颗粒的变质效果均出现了不同程度的衰退,这与保温过程中TiAl3质点的溶解与沉淀以及Sr的严重烧损有关.     

Size effect on dielectric properties of fine-grained BaTiO3 ceramics

The effect of grain size on the dielectric behavior of high-purity, fine-grained BaTiO₃ ceramic has been investigated. It was found that the dielectric constant and dissipation factor changed much with the decreasing of average grain size. The specimen with grain size of 280 nm had a high dielectric constant at room temperature, and the _r-T and tanδ-T curves remarkably changed with the grain size. Part of the grains remaining ferroelectric structure was ascribed to the high value of dielectric constant. ©     

The use and profitability of hermetic technologies for grain storage among smallholder farmers in eastern Kenya

Hermetic storage technologies (HSTs) have been disseminated in Sub-Saharan Africa (including Kenya) to reduce grain storage losses among farmers. We carried out a study in three counties in eastern Kenya to assess the use and profitability of HSTs among farmers. Data were collected from 613 farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire and Kobo Toolbox via android tablets. Results showed an increase in use of HSTs among farmers from 53.7% in 2015 to 91.2% in 2017. PICS was the most used hermetic bags by farmers (84%) in 2017. Majority of farmers (73.5%) received training in the use of HSTs from extension agents and agro-dealers. About 40% of respondents purchased additional (one to five) bags after their first experience using them. The quantity of grain produced made up about half of the farmer’s decision to store. The primary reason (87%) farmers used hermetic bags was the need to manage insect pests. Maize and beans were the most produced and most stored crops; but maize was the most stored in HST. Grain price seasonality showed a near doubling effect between the lean and harvest seasons. Estimates of the return on investments (ROI) ranged between 13 and 80% for all crops and maize stored in hermetic bags had the highest ROI. Awareness and trainings are key in increasing adoption and proper use of HSTs.     

Efficacy of the furanosesquiterpene isofuranodiene against the stored-product insects Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

In plant and animal kingdoms, isofuranodiene is a widespread, lipophilic and volatile furanosesquiterpene endowed with insecticidal properties. In the current study, we evaluated its toxicity against the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults and the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) adults and larvae at 500 and 1000 ppm. Results showed that the overall mortality of P. truncatus adults exposed to 500 ppm was low, while at the higher dose tested it increased to 56.7% after 7 days of exposure. Notably, isofuranodiene killed 95.6 and 96.7% of the exposed T. granarium adults 5 and 7 days post-exposure at 1000 ppm. On the other side, T. granarium larval mortality did not exceed 24.4 and 37.8% at 500 and 1000 ppm respectively, after 7 days of exposure. Isofuranodiene could be considered further to develop novel green tools against T. granarium adults, since there is a lack of effective grain protectants against this noxious species.