Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-5wt%Al Alloy

In this investigation, a new soft magnetic material (iron with 5 wt% aluminum) has been developed using powder metallurgy processing. The microstructure and the magnetic properties of this new P/M alloy have been characterized at both room and elevated temperatures (up to 500°C). The influence of post-sintering (after initial processing) on the porosity and magnetic properties of this material has also been examined.

Test results show that the room temperature soft magnetic properties of this alloy are comparable to other commercially available soft magnetic materials such as P/M pure Fe, Fe-Si, Fe-P, etc. Post-sintering at 1316°C resulted in significant grain growth and lower porosity with more rounded pore morphology and improved the magnetic properties. While the magnetic induction of the alloy was essentially constant from room temperature to 500°C, the coercivity of the material decreased significantly at elevated temperature. This new P/M alloy may be a suitable soft magnetic material for high temperature (up to 500°C) applications.     

化学成分对低牌号冷轧无取向电工钢铁损的影响

通过50 kg真空感应炉熔炼-锻造成100mm×25mm板坯-350四辊轧机热轧2mm带材-350四辊冷轧机轧成0.5mm带材流程,研究了主要元素(%)-0.015～0.070C、1.21～2.30Si、0.25～0.33Mn、0.013～0.018P、0.008～0.017S、0.002～0.210A1对低牌号冷轧无取向电工钢铁损的影响.结果表明,随钢中碳、磷、硫、锰含量的增加,冷轧无取向电工钢铁损明显增加;随硅含量增加,钢的铁损降低;铝与钢中的氮形成细小的AlN颗粒,阻碍钢材晶粒长大,随钢中铝含量增加,铁损增加.     

铜火法精炼阳极质量缺陷及预防措施

阐述了铜阳极的各种质量缺陷,并介绍了一系列有效消除质量缺陷的预防措施。     

Mathematical Modelling of Non‐equilibrium Decarburization Process during Vacuum Circulation Refining of Molten Steel: Application of the Model and Results (I) ‐ Decarburization Process and Influences of Some Technological Factors

A novel three‐dimensional mathematical model proposed and developed for the non‐equilibrium decarburization process during the vacuum circulation (RH) refining of molten steel has been applied to the refining process of molten steel in a 90‐t multifunction RH degasser. The decarburization processes of molten steel in the degasser under the conditions of RH and RH‐KTB operations have been modelled and analysed, respectively, using the model. The results demonstrate that the changes in the carbon and oxygen contents of liquid steel with the treatment time during the RH and RH‐KTB refining processes can be precisely modelled and predicted by use of the model. The distribution patterns of the carbon and oxygen concentrations in the steel are governed by the flow characteristics of molten steel in the whole degasser. When the initial carbon concentration in the steel is higher than 400 · 10⁻⁴ mass%, the top oxygen blowing (KTB) operation can supply the oxygen lacking for the decarburization process, and accelerate the carbon removal, thus reaching a specified carbon level in a shorter time. Moreover, a lower oxygen content is attained at the decarburization endpoint. The average contributions at the up‐snorkel zone, the bath bulk and the free surface with the droplets in the vacuum vessel in the refining process are about 11, 46 and 42% of the overall amount of decarburization, respectively. The decarburization roles at the gas bubble‐molten steel interface in the up‐snorkel and the droplets in the vacuum vessel should not be ignored for the RH and RH‐KTB refining processes. For the refining process in the 90‐t RH degasser, a better efficiency of decarburization can be obtained using an argon blow rate of 417 I(STP)/min, and a further increase in the argon blowing rate cannot obviously improve the effectiveness in the RH refining process of molten steel under the conditions of the present work.     

Mathematical Modelling of Non‐equilibrium Decarburization Process during Vacuum Circulation Refining of Molten Steel: Application of the Model and Results (II) ‐ Non‐equilibrium Factors and their Influences on the Decarburization Process

The results, which were obtained by applying the novel three‐dimensional mathematical model proposed and developed earlier [1] to model and analyse the decarburization process of molten steel during the RH and RH‐KTB refining in a 90‐t multifunction RH degasser, showed that under the conditions of the present work, the contributions of the flow, mass diffusion and chemical reactions and other non‐equilibrium processes to the Raleigh‐Onsager dissipation function are not large throughout vacuum circulation refining of molten steel. Thus, it is held everywhere in the whole flow field of the system that the value of the non‐linear dissipation factor is approximately equal to one. The entropy generation and energy dissipation in the system rapidly decrease with increasing refining time. Compared to the work done by the drag force while the bubbles passing through the liquid phase as well as by the viscous and turbulent flow and diffusion processes, the carbon‐oxygen reaction itself plays a more governing role to the entropy production and energy dissipation in the system. The RH refining process of low and ultra‐low carbon steels seems to be close to the linear zone of the non‐equilibrium state. The influences of the viscous and turbulent flow dissipation as well as diffusion processes on the non‐equilibrium activity coefficients of the carbon and oxygen in the molten steel may almost be neglected. Except in the regions where the chemical C‐O reaction takes place (the up‐snorkel zone and the bath in the vacuum vessel), the non‐equilibrium components of the non‐equilibrium activity coefficients of the carbon and oxygen in the molten steel at the other places in the degasser are all tending towards one. The non‐equilibrium effects (mainly, the C‐O reaction itself) give a restraining role on the decarburization of liquid steel in the RH refining process. This model is able to model more reasonably and precisely the non‐equilibrium decarburization process during the vacuum circulation refining of molten steel in comparison to a model without considering the non‐equilibrium effects.     

Effect of Nitrogen Alloying on Sulphur Behaviour during ESR of AISI M41 Steel

In this work, the effects of nitrogen alloying, physical properties and chemical composition of slag used in electro‐slag refining (ESR) on phosphorus and sulphur contents of AISI M41 high speed steel have been studied. The experiments were conducted with two high speed steel grades which were melted in an induction furnace (IF). The first grade is the standard AISI M41 high‐speed steel and the second one is nitrogen alloyed M41 (denoted M41N). The produced ingots were ESR remelted under three grades of calcium fluoride based slag. Results showed that the ESR process has no effect on the phosphorus content in steel but it is a good tool in removing sulphur. This study shows that a high desulphurization rate can be achieved by ESR process by optimizing slag properties where the viscosity and oxidation reactions play an important role in sulphur removal. Nitrogen alloying was found to retard sulphur removal.     

一种通用型粮库智能终端产品设计

粮库信息化领域的物联网终端用途各异,但都没有成型化、系统化、模块化的通用型产品架构设计.本文提出了一种粮库智能终端产品,通过嵌入式智能信息处理技术,实现传感数据采集与嵌入式存储、传感数据分析与预测、数据传输与控制、终端设备远程控制、终端设备可重塑、异质终端自组织组网、终端设备代码更新、多种通信传输方式支持等功能,并进而解决同类系统复制难、成本高的问题.     

钢包炉使用烧结型和预熔型精炼渣研究

对钢包炉(LF)精炼使用烧结型和预熔型精炼渣的精炼效果进行对比试验研究。结果表明:精炼使用烧结型或预熔型精炼渣化渣效果均较好,无结块等现象,钢包炉电极加热起弧时间相近,埋弧效果好。与烧结型精炼渣试验相比,预熔型精炼渣试验炉次平均白灰使用量减少59 kg/炉,精炼渣使用量减少61 kg/炉,平均精炼时间缩短1.7 min,平均脱硫率提高8.89%。     

精炼渣改性后的成块和熔化性能测试

将作为固体废弃物的精炼渣,经过适当地调整成分,造块后返回转炉炼钢冶炼过程,可以实现精炼渣少排放或零排放.本试验通过正交试验对精炼渣和改性后的合成渣的抗压性能、熔化性能进行了测试.试验结果表明,合成渣的成块性能和熔化性能可以满足转炉炼钢的要求.