Hollow fiber membranes with polyimide matrix for sulfur-free hydrogen source

Sulfur-free hydrogen production is significant for sustainable energy such as fuel cell to avoid poisoning catalysts. The hollow fiber membrane is proposed as sulfur trapper for the hydrocarbon fuels. Hollow fiber membranes with polyimide (PI) matrix and adsorptive zeolites fillers are fabricated by dry–wet spinning with subsequent imidization process. By detailed investigation of FT-IR, thermal degradation cures, morphology and sulfur trapping performance, the molecular structure, thermostability and adsorption channels of membranes have been analyzed. The hollow fiber membranes have abundant pores, and the zeolites particles are incorporated in the three-dimension polymer matrix. The inlet fuel can be desulfurized to below 0.1 mg L⁻¹, which means that the outlet fuel can be used as sulfur-free hydrogen source for fuel cell applications. Excellent sustainability of the system with hollow fiber configuration show attractive on-board application potential.     

Cytosine assisted aqueous synthesis of AgPt hollow alloyed nanostructures as highly active electrocatalyst for ethylene glycol oxidation and hydrogen evolution

Herein, a simple one-pot aqueous method was developed for synthesis of AgPt hollow alloyed nanostructures (AgPt HANS) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cytosine as the dispersing agent and eco-friendly growth-director, respectively. The synthesized architectures displayed the improved catalytic performance toward ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) relative to commercial Pt black in alkaline media. Meanwhile, the catalyst exhibited the enhanced catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the positive onset potential (E_onset, ?39 mV) and a small Tafel slope (40 mV dec^?1) relative to commercial Pt/C (20 wt%, ?31 mV, 33 mV dec^?1) in 0.5 M H₂SO₄, along with the more positive E_onset (?34 mV) and a smaller Tafel slope (59 mV dec^?1) in 0.5 M KOH compared with Pt/C (?35 mV, 85 mV dec^?1).     

Chemical cleaning of potable water membranes: The cost benefit of optimisation

A study of the variability in chemical cleaning factors on permeability recovery for potable water microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems has been carried out employing a cost model simulating plant fouling and cleaning regimes. The impact of a range of operating and cleaning factors on operating cost variation was computed using algorithms describing operational and cleaning factor relationships with permeability recovery data measured from bench scale tests on fibres sampled from full-scale operational plants.The model proceeded through sequencing of the cleaning and backwashing operations to generate transmembrane pressure (TMP), and so head loss, transients. A number of cleaning scenarios were considered for each plant, based on employing either a threshold TMP or fixed chemical cleaning intervals. The resulting TMP profiles were then converted to operational costs. The effect of the variability in permeability recovery on annual operating costs was calculated for each of the simulations. It was evident that significant operating cost reductions were possible from optimisation of the cleaning protocol. Cost benefit varied according to facets of plant design and operation; the innate variability in permeability recovery precluded the correlation of cleaning efficacy with fouling characteristics.     

Cobalt-iron cyanide hollow cubes: Three-dimensional self-assembly and magnetic properties

Cobalt-iron cyanide hollow cubes have been synthesized via a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) assisted solvothermal route. A unique formation process: self-assembly followed by Ostwald ripening process, has been put forward to take account for the construction of hollow cubes. The rod-like nanocrystals first assemble as porous cubes via an oriented attachment process. Then, the porous cubes undergo an Ostwald-ripening process, which create interior spaces and result in the formation of hollow cubes. The magnetic property investigation reveals that K_0.22Co_0.58Fe_2.2(CN)₆ hollow cubes exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior.     

氧化铝基陶瓷型芯溶失性的研究进展

介绍了涡轮空心叶片用铝基陶瓷型芯的应用背景,探讨了铝基陶瓷型芯强化及溶失性能的重要意义。阐述了造型材料、成孔剂、脱芯方法对氧化铝基陶瓷型芯溶失性能增强的研究现状,并展望了铝基陶瓷型芯未来发展面临的挑战。     

型壳材料对高温合金叶片组织和性能的影响

采用数值模拟方法并结合试验,研究了型壳材料对高温合金叶片组织和性能的影响。结果表明,无陶瓷保温棉时,氧化铝型壳铸件的冷却速率大于莫来石型壳,氧化铝型壳铸件组织及性能较优;有陶瓷保温棉时,氧化铝型壳铸件叶根处冷却速率略低于莫来石型壳铸件,叶身处冷却速率高于莫来石型壳铸件,莫来石型壳铸件叶根处组织及性能比氧化铝型壳铸件略优,叶身组织及性能比氧化铝型壳铸件略差。有陶瓷保温棉时的铸件叶根组织数值模拟结果和试验结果符合。     

公路桥梁薄壁空心高墩施工工艺分析

随着高架桥梁的不断修建,薄壁空心高墩的技术广泛应用在其中。其特点为施工速度快,投资成本低。为了达到国际先进水平,需要创新桥梁的施工技术,并不断完善。     

Multidimensional modeling of biofilm development and fluid dynamics in a hydrogen-based,membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)

A two-dimensional, particle-based biofilm model coupled with mass transport and computational fluid dynamics was developed to simulate autotrophic denitrification in a spiral-wound membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), where hydrogen is supplied via hollow-fiber membrane fabric. The spiral-wound configuration consists of alternating layers of plastic spacer net and membrane fabric that create rows of flow channels, with the top and bottom walls comprised of membranes. The transversal filaments of the spacer partially obstruct the channel flow, producing complex mixing and shear patterns that require multidimensional representation. This study investigated the effect of hydrogen and nitrate concentrations, as well as spacer configuration, on biofilm development and denitrification fluxes. The model results indicate that the cavity spacer filaments, which rest on the bottom membranes, cause uneven biofilm growth. Most biofilm resided on the bottom membranes, only in the wake of the filaments where low shear zones formed. In this way, filament configuration may help achieve a desired biofilm thickness. For the conditions tested in this study, the highest nitrate fluxes were attained by minimizing the filament diameter and maximizing the filament spacing. This lowered the shear stress at the top membranes, allowing for more biofilm growth. For the scenarios studied, biomass limitation at the top membranes hindered performance more significantly than diffusion limitation in the thick biofilms at the bottom membranes. The results also highlighted the importance of two-dimensional modeling to capture uneven biofilm growth on a substratum with geometrical complexity.     

轴向压缩下圆形和多边形钢管混凝土柱的统一公式

目前,不同截面钢管混凝土(CFST)柱的轴向承载力采用不同的公式计算。研究人员和设计师试图在柱的设计中找到一个适用于不同截面(包括实心、空心、圆形和多边形截面)的统一公式,这一直是他们面临的一个挑战,事实上也是十分重要的问题。为满足现代的设计要求,结构在材料的使用、结构构件的拓扑学方面不断优化,上述问题应运而生。作者之前研究了圆形空心和实心CFST柱轴向承载力的统一公式,该文将其拓展到正多边形截面空心和实心CFST柱,将圆形截面作为多边形边数为1的特殊情况。最后,给出用于计算圆形或多边形截面实心和空心钢管混凝土柱轴向承载力的统一公式。此外,对空心圆形和方形钢管混凝土柱进行了试验。这些试验结果对有限的公开发表的文献进行了补充,也验证了该分析公式。     

高速旋转空心轴的优化设计

基于结构优化处理器Opti Struct,采用有限元法对高速旋转空心轴进行优化设计,在既满足扭转刚度又满足临界转速的约束下,优化出质量最轻的旋转轴几何尺寸。本文给出了具体优化步骤和方法。