铝-铝爆炸焊接界面波形成与特征

文中通过试验观察与数值模拟相结合,尝试分析界面波的形成与结构特征.对2024铝开展系列准对称爆炸焊接,获得了界面波结构特征随装药比变化样品,并基于Autodyn软件中的光滑粒子法对铝-铝爆炸焊接斜碰撞过程进行了模拟,获得与试验现象吻合良好的计算结果.结果表明,装药比的提高使得再入射流厚度和界面波长波幅增加,且界面更加连续;装药比的提高对再入射流速度的影响不大;再入射流量的逐渐增多使得基板承受的剪切应力增大,进而导致界面出现平直到波状的渐变.分析得到的铝-铝爆炸焊接界面波特征随装药比的变化规律以及所使用的数值方法为相关分析提供了有用的参考.     

4-RRR冗余并联机构混合驱动与能耗优化

为实现3D打印机对曲面的精细化打印,对3D打印机的喷头结构的快速响应和精确控制提出了更高的要求,为此设计了一种可以实现姿态控制的平面4-RRR冗余并联机构。根据机构的特点,在运动学基础上,利用虚功原理建立该机构的动力学模型,然后以混合驱动方式并借助最小二范数法实现机构等效广义力到轴向驱动力的优化。在此基础上,对驱动力二范数和最小驱动总功率进行优化,分别得到角速度、驱动力与驱动功率变化曲线。结果表明:该机构驱动力二范数解和最小驱动总功率解的差异略小,其驱动电机做功减少了1.17%。结合驱动力二范数、最小驱动总功率的优化结果,选取混合驱动的驱动方式,可以实现冗余并联机构驱动器瞬时驱动力与瞬时驱动功率的均衡,并降低机构运动过程中的功耗,实现3D打印机喷头机构的快速响应。     

Optimisation of hybrid tandem metal active gas welding using Gaussian process regression

In this paper, an additional filler wire with opposite polarity was inserted in tandem flux cored arc welding process to increase the welding speed and deposition rate. In this hybrid welding, the optimisation of welding parameters is required to improve the bead geometry which directly indicates the welding quality. However, the correlation between the parameters and the bead geometry is hard to identify, so the process parameters are usually selected intuitively by the experienced engineers. Therefore, welding process modelling is constructed with the Gaussian process regression model, and parameter optimisation is performed with sequential quadratic programming optimisation algorithm. The proposed modelling optimisation process is verified by performing the welding experiment using the parameters that are optimised by the proposed process.     

Advances in macro-scale laser processing

Laser material processing is a technology with an increasing number of industrial applications, especially for aviation and automotive. The present keynote paper focusses on the advances in macro-scale laser processing, meaning that the laser generated structures are large enough to be visible with the naked eye. Next to that, also the reasons for the advances, especially the improvements regarding the power and the beam quality of the laser sources, the higher capabilities of the systems technologies and an increasing process understanding are shown. Nevertheless, challenges like a holistic understanding of the physical phenomena and the evolution of defects in some processing methods remain to be solved in future.     

Friction stir scribe welding technique for dissimilar joining of aluminium and galvanised steel

Friction stir scribe technology, a derivative of friction stir welding, was applied for the dissimilar lap welding of an aluminium alloy and galvanised mild steel sheets. During the process, the rotating tool with a cobalt steel scribe first penetrated the top material – aluminium – and then the scribe cuts the bottom material – steel. The steel was displaced into the upper material to produce a characteristic hook feature. Lap welds were shear tested, and their fracture paths were studied. Welding parameters affected the welding features, including hook height, which turned out to be highly related to fracture position. Therefore, in this paper, the relationships among welding parameters, hook height, joint strength and fracture position are presented. In addition, the influence of zinc coating on joint strength was also studied.     

Y含量对Mg-Al-Zn堆焊合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了Y元素添加及其含量对AZ91焊丝堆焊Mg-Al-Zn合金室温下干滑动摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制的影响。结果表明:由于存在粗大β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,未添加稀土Y元素的AZ91堆焊合金的耐磨性能较差;通过添加稀土Y元素,可以减小粗大β相的尺寸和数量,减小亚表层变形层的厚度以及堆焊合金发生剥层磨损的程度,提高堆焊合金的耐磨性;稀土Y元素会导致堆焊合金的硬度降低;AZ91堆焊合金的主要磨损机制有3种:磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层磨损。     

异种铝合金摩擦塞补焊工艺与组织性能

采用顶锻式摩擦塞补焊方法,以2219-T6铝合金为塞棒材料,分别对8 mm厚2024-T3和7075-T6两种铝合金FSW接头进行了摩擦塞补焊试验研究,深入探讨了不同焊接压力下塞补焊接头的微观组织、显微硬度、力学性能及断口形貌特征. 结果表明,塞棒和母材或FSW焊缝是由等轴晶进行过渡,获得了紧密结合的接头,热力影响区和热影响区晶粒发生长大. 整个塞补焊接头塞棒区软化最严重,硬度在85 ~ 95 HV之间. 2024铝合金塞补焊接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到了母材的70%和65%以上,7075铝合金塞补焊接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到了母材的62%和48%以上. 塞补焊接头断裂模式为韧性特征.     

脉冲激光与电弧布置方式对铝合金焊接熔滴过渡与焊缝形貌的影响

以2219铝合金为基板，研究了不同脉冲激光-电弧布置方式下的熔滴过渡与焊缝形貌特征，分析了熔深增加的机理. 结果表明，当脉冲激光照射母材时，脉冲激光主要提供对母材的热输入，母材温度的增加有助于促进熔滴铺展，稳定熔滴过渡过程；当脉冲激光照射熔滴缩颈时，主要提供对熔滴的力输入，蒸发反力的作用下形成"一脉一滴"，显著提高熔滴过渡频率与熔滴飞行速度，增加了熔滴对熔池的冲击力，熔深增加；当脉冲激光交替的照射熔池和熔滴时，一方面能够对母材进行加热，有助于熔滴的铺展，另一方面能够提高熔滴过渡频率，提高焊缝的均匀性.     

2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头的焊后热处理

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪等微观分析手段,研究不同热处理工艺条件下2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头焊缝区的显微组织演变,探讨接头的焊后热处理强化机制。结果表明,焊后热处理可显著改善接头区域的显微组织,促进强化相的析出,有利于提高接头的力学性能。经过焊后固溶+双级时效热处理,焊态下接头熔合线附近存在的等轴细晶区消失,β′、θ′和T₁等强化相在接头焊缝区析出,与单级时效处理工艺相比,双级时效处理的析出强化效果更为显著。力学性能测试表明,经过双级时效热处理后,接头的抗拉强度达到492.5 MPa,为母材强度的90.4%。接头拉伸断口表面存在许多小韧窝,并伴随出现解理面,接头呈韧-脆混合型断裂特征。     

Thermo-mechanical Analysis of Friction Stir Welding:A Review on Recent Advances

In recent studies, critical research interest exists in the thermo-mechanical analysis of the friction stir welding(FSW) process by numerical simulation. In this review, the thermo-mechanical analysis for FSW is overviewed regarding the computational approaches, the heat generation, the temperature, and the material fl ow behavior. Current concerns, challenges, and opportunities in current studies are discussed considering the application of the thermo-mechanical analysis. Generally, larger computational scale and better computational effi ciency are required to allow better spatial resolution in future analysis. The concepts and approaches demonstrated in the thermo-mechanical analysis for FSW open up quantitative prospects for the design of the FSW process.