Multi-server threshold queues with hysteresis

A queueing system with K servers operates in the following manner. When the system is empty, arriving customers are attended by only one server. A set of forward threshold values is defined so that at epochs at which the number of customers in the system exceeds a forward threshold value an extra server is added. Similarly, a set of reverse threshold values is defined so that at epochs at which the number of customers in the system becomes less than a reverse threshold value one server is removed. The forward and reverse threshold values are assumed to be different. Closed-form occupancy distribution and mean delay of customers in the system are obtained by the Green's function method.     

Electronically compensated current transformer modelling

The behaviour of electronically compensated current transformers is examined with reference to a model valid for frequencies ranging from industrial to ultra-acoustic both in steady-state and in transient conditions. The influence of the hysteresis and saturation effects is evidenced. A comparison with other proposed current transducers is also given. A quantitative treatment of the errors is given and a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data is obtained.     

High air stability of threshold voltage on gate bias stress in pentacene TFTs with a hydroxyl-free and amorphous fluoropolymer as gate insulators

We investigated the air stabilities of threshold voltages (V_th) on gate bias stress in pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a hydroxyl-free and amorphous fluoropolymer as gate insulators. The 40-nm-thick thin films of spin-coated fluoropolymer had excellent electrical insulating properties, and the pentacene TFTs exhibited negligible current hysteresis, low leakage current, a field-effect mobility of 0.45 cm²/Vs and an on/off current ratio of 3 × 10⁷ when it was operated at −20 V in ambient air. After a gate bias stress of 10⁴ s, a small V_th shift below 1.1 V was obtained despite non-passivation of the pentacene layer. We have discussed that the excellent air stability of V_th was attributed to the insulator surface without hydroxyl groups.     

RESEARCH ON THE DYNAMIC PROPERTY OF PIEZOELECTRIC MICRO DISPLACEMENT ACTUATOR FOR BORING ERROR COMPENSATION

The dynamic property of piezoelectric micro displacement actuator (PMDA) is analyzed, especially the mechanical characteristic, lag phase property and hysteresis phenomenon. The influence factors of static and dynamic mechanical characteristics and the lag phase property are analyzed systematically. Three main influence factors of lag phase property are discovered. With comparison to mechanical Coulomb friction, a generalized model of nonlinear hysteresis of PMDA is advanced, based on the essential analysis of nonlinear phenomenon. Finally the application of PMDA in error compensation control system of boring is introduced. A good compensation result is achieved.     

An optimized combination prediction model for concrete dam deformation considering quantitative evaluation and hysteresis correction

Certain degree of deformation is natural while dam operates and evolves. Due to the impact of internal and external environment, dam deformation is highly nonlinear by nature. For dam safety, it is of great significance to analyze timely deformation monitoring data and be able to predict reliably deformation. A comprehensive review of existing deformation prediction models reveals two issues that deserves further attention: (1) each environmental influencing factor contributes differently to deformation, and (2) deformation lags behind environmental factors (e.g., water level and air temperature). In response, this study presents a combination deformation prediction model considering both quantitative evaluation of influencing factors and hysteresis correction in order to further improve estimation accuracy. In this study, the complex relationship in deformation prediction is effectively captured through support vector machine (SVM) modeling. Furthermore, a modified fruit fly optimization algorithm (MFOA) is presented for SVM hyper-parameter optimization. Also, a synthetic evaluation method and a hysteresis quantification algorithm are introduced to further enhance the MFOA-SVM-based model in regards to contribution quantification and phase correction respectively. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model is evaluated in a concrete dam case, where its performance is compared with other existing models. The simulated results indicated that the proposed nonlinear MFOA-SVM model considering both quantitative evaluation and hysteresis correction, abbreviated as SEV-MFOA-SVM, is more accurate and robust than conventional models. This novel model also provides an alternative method for predicting and analyzing dam deformation and evolution behavior of other similar hydraulic structures.     

Role of fullerene electron transport layer on the morphology and optoelectronic properties of perovskite solar cells

High performance, hysteresis-free, low temperature n-i-p perovskite solar cells are successfully fabricated by solution processing using fullerene electron transport layer (ETL). PC₇₁BM fullerene, with broader absorption spectrum and lower HOMO level, when incorporated in the perovskite solar cell yielded average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.9%. This is the highest reported PCE in n-i-p perovskite solar cells with PC₇₁BM ETL. The devices exhibited negligible hysteresis and high open-circuit voltage (V_oc). On the contrary, devices with PC₆₁BM, a common fullerene ETL in perovskite solar cell, exhibited large hysteresis and lower V_oc. The underlying mechanisms of superior performance of devices with PC₇₁BM ETL were found to be correlated with fullerene surface wettability and perovskite grain size. The influence of fullerene ETL on the perovskite grain growth and subsequent photovoltaic performance was investigated by contact angle measurement, morphological characterization of the surface topography and electrochemical impedance analysis.     

合肥市旧工业厂房现状的反思与探索

合肥市产业升级带来旧工业厂房的大量拆除和废置,旧工业厂房的现状令人堪忧。旧工业厂房具有很大的价值和可利用空间,废置和拆除不是最佳的解决方式,合肥市旧工业厂房保护与改造再利用势在必行。现阶段,合肥市旧工业厂房改造刚刚开始萌芽。随着国家政策的调整、地方政府的支持、社会各界关注度的日益提高,合肥市旧工业厂房改造必会迎来新的春天。     

水泥浆触变性评价方法的探索

通过实验分析了目前常用的触变性评价方法——静切力法和滞后环法,对其合理性进行了讨论;并结合触变水泥浆的现场应用,提出了水泥浆触变性评价应涵盖流动性、胶凝强度发展情况以及施工安全性3个方面,针对常用触变性评价方法存在的问题,探索了一种评价水泥浆触变性的新方法。该方法采用精度高的旋转黏度计在转速极低的情况下测量水泥浆不同时刻的剪切力,几乎消除了剪切力对胶凝强度的影响,通过程序控制可实现对样品的连续测量。此方法可准确反映不同温度下水泥浆胶凝强度发展的快慢和大小,从而可更好地指导触变水泥浆体系的开发和现场应用。     

Use of a theoretical model to investigate RF and DC reactive sputtering of titanium and chromium oxide coatings

An analysis of RF and DC reactive sputtering techniques is presented. The transition between a metal sputtering mode and a compound sputtering mode is usually noticed with a metallic target and an argon+oxygen gas mixture. The so-called hysteresis effect often observed for small amounts of reactive gas is explained in recent models. By considering gas kinetics parameters, it is possible to evaluate quite simple relationships between the main processing parameters. These theoretical calculations enable the prediction and aid the understanding of instability phenomena observed in reactive sputtering. In this paper, the effects of some parameters on the position and size of instability regions are discussed, and the difference between DC and RF reactive deposition is investigated. Simulations and experimental results are compared for the case of titanium and chromium oxide thin films prepared by DC and RF reactive sputtering. The influence of sputtering power on the position of the hysteresis loop is analysed theoretically and experimentally, and the changes observed between the reactive sputtering of titanium and chromium oxide materials are also discussed.