百色油田油井结蜡及清防蜡处理

本文了滇黔桂百色油田的严重结蜡情况，清防蜡剂的筛选，使用筛选出的防蜡剂ＪＳ２进行油清防蜡处理的工艺方法和效果。自１９９０年１０月起，在百色油田各区块６２口油井采用不停产加入油套环空，加入后关井或在油套管间循环２－４小时，挤入油层等方法进行的清防蜡作业，除井温过低的一个井外，全部获得成功。     

The study of the La(NO;3)3 inhibition on X70 pipeline steel in 3.0(wt.%) NaCl solution

Lanthanum nitrate has been investigated as corrosion inhibitor of X70 pipeline steel in 3.0 (wt.%) NaCl solution using electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray detector (EDX) techniques. The results showed that La(NO₃)₃ belonged to the film‐formed mixed inhibitors, which can form a compact network over the whole surface of X70 pipeline steel. The inhibition effect of La(NO₃)₃ on X70 steel reinforced with the increase of the concentration itself. The EDX analysis showed that lanthanum ions were found to participate in the network film formed on the sample surface.     

Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Adsorption and Inhibition Effects of N2O2 Schiff Base on the Corrosion of API 5L Grade B Steel in 1 mol/L HCI

The electrochemical behavior of low carbon steel （API 5L grade B） in 1 mol/L HCI solution with different concentrations of N,Nr-bis（4-formylphenol）-trimethylenediamine Schiff base was studied by electrochemical techniques and density functional theory analysis. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. The high inhibition efficiency was attributed to the blocking of active sites by adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption and activation processes were determined. Galvanostatic polarization data indicated that Schiff base act as a mixed-type inhibitor and the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Results obtained from quantum chemical studies show excellent correlations between the quantum chemical parameters and the experimental inhibition efficiencies using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G（d,p） and B3LYP/3-21G basis set levels and ab initio calculations using HF/6-31G（d,p） and HF/3-21G methods.     

Selective inhibition of nitrite oxidation by chlorate dosing in aerobic granules

Partial nitrification was successfully achieved with addition of 5mM KClO(3) in the aerobic granules system. Batch tests demonstrated that KClO(3) selectively inhibited nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) but not ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). During stable partial nitrification, the influent pH was kept at 7.8-8.2, while the DO and temperature were not controlled in the SBR. When the NH(4)-N and COD levels were kept at 100mg/l and 400mg/l in the influent, the NH(4)-N and COD removal efficiencies reached 98.93% and 78.65%, respectively. The NO(2)-N accounted for 92.95% of the NO(χ)-N (NO(2)-N+NO(3)-N) in the effluent. Furthermore, about 90% of the chlorate was reduced to nontoxic chloride, thus it would not cause environmental problem. SEM showed that the main composition of the aerobic granules was bacilli and coccus bacteria. FISH analysis revealed that AOB became the dominant nitrifying bacteria, whereas NOB were detected only in low abundance. Chlorate could be used to control the development and maintenance of aerobic granules sludge for partial nitrification.     

水溶性有机去膜液的主要成分及其作用原理概述

文章在大量的文献基础上总结了水溶性有机去膜液的主要成分,包括有机胺、有机溶剂、加速剂、缓蚀剂和消泡剂,并介绍了各种成分在去膜过程中的作用原理。重点介绍应用于去膜液中的各类缓蚀剂及其缓蚀机理,缓蚀剂包括含氮化合物、含硫化合物、有机酸、芳香族羟基化合物等。     

γ辐照TBP-正十二烷体系酸性长链磷酸酯的抑制

本文通过元素分析,IR谱及MS谱等方法研究了TBP—正十二烷体系中酸性强络合辐解产物的性质和结构。用同位素示踪方法对长链酸性磷酸酯的生成机理进行了探讨并找到了能抑制长链酸性磷酸酯的有效的抑制剂。     

气相防锈无纺布

介绍了新一代气相缓蚀剂包装材料气相防锈无纺布的特点及其应用的研究。     

An On-Site Cooling Tower Treated by Stand-Alone Low-Concentration Dissolved Ozone

We report on an on-site 500 RT cooling tower ozone treatment process, in which chemicals other than ozone itself were completely eliminated. Ozone in an amount leading to less than 0.1 ppm of dissolved ozone was continuously introduced via side-stream injection into the circulating water returning from the chiller. The ozonated water was initially made to flow from the distributor to the filler in order to eliminate the growth of algae, and then to the chiller to reduce the corrosion and the fouling in the water. Positive ions such as Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² in the circulating water were precipitated by chelating them with carboxylic acids formed by the oxidation of organic compounds. We observed that using an ozone dosage of 0.1 ppm resulted in a colony-forming unit (CFU) less than 2 × 10³ /mL. With that well-controlled CFU, corrosion controlling and scale reducing were achieved as well.     

Zn(H2PO4)2-N[CH2CH2OPO(OH)2]3对碳钢的协同效应与缓蚀机理研究

采用失重法、表面观察法、极化曲线法、氩离子刻蚀法和ＸＰＳ分析法研究Ｚｎ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２－Ｎ「ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＰＯ（ＯＨ）２」３在海水中对碳钢的协同效应与缓蚀机理。结果发现：５０％Ｚｎ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２＋５０＾Ｎ「（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＰＯ（ＯＨ）２」３（ＸＭ－３０３在海水中对碳钢具有明显的协同缓蚀效应。５０％Ｚｎ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２＋５０％Ｎ「ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＰＯ（ＯＨ）２」３（ＸＭ－３０３）主要为阴极抑制型缓蚀     

γ共辐射接枝丙烯酸改善聚醚砜粉体亲水性的研究

利用γ射线共照射技术在聚醚砜（Polyethersulfone,PES）粉体上按枝了丙烯酸。研究了丙烯酸单体体积分数、接枝溶液pH值、吸收剂量、阻聚剂（Cu^2＋）浓度等对接枝率的影响规律。通过与称重法相结合,得到了利用红外光谱对接枝率进行定量分析的工作曲线。研究结果表明,当吸收剂量为25kGy、单体体积分数为30％、阻聚剂用量为0．004mol／L时,可以获得最高的接枝率。接枝溶液中盐酸的添加有利于提高接枝率。提高接枝率有助于改善PES的亲水性。