建设工程施工阶段监理投资控制浅析

本文作者结合自身工作实际经验,对施工阶段监理的投资控制一些相关问题进行简单的论述,可供同行借鉴。     

油气勘探开发一体化工作方式的探讨

勘探开发一体化工作方式是从投资效益最大化的角度提出的一种新的油气田生产管理方式,是油气生产投资管理工作本身的内在要求。不同专业的有机结合将有助于促进勘探开发理论技术的进一步提高,有助于提高投资综合效益。文章分析了勘探开发一体化工作方式产生的背景,讨论了这一管理方式的基本概念和蕴含的特点,同时分析了一体化工作方式的影响因素。     

基于形状插值的B超图像三维表面重建

B超图像由于受其成像机理的限制,其成像质量较差,无法采用与CT(计算机断层扫描)、MRI(磁共振成像)类似的三维重建方法。针对B超图像的缺点,采用基于形状的插值方法将其转换为等分辨率体数据。此外,对插值算法进行了适当改进,使重建的速度和效果得到明显改善。最后,分别采用移动立方体(marching cubes)算法、连接轮廓线、光线投射(ray casting)算法对B超图像进行三维重建。结果表明,移动立方体算法在重建的真实性和快速性方面都得到了更满意的效果。     

The progressive inefficiency of replacing renewable obligation certificates with contracts-for-differences in the UK electricity market

This paper looks at the emerging risk/return profile for new renewable assets as a conventional wholesale electricity market progressively decarbonises. Using a detailed fundamental model of price formation risks, under increasing replacement of fossil fuel facilities with onshore and offshore wind, we show that the risk return profile becomes less attractive over time, and may therefore need sustained and possibly increasing policy support. Furthermore, we show that green certificate trading may become progressively more attractive as a supplementary support to wholesale prices, compared to fixed feed-in-tariffs. This is because the increasingly negative correlation between renewable output and wholesale prices reduces its revenue risk compared to fixed feed-in tariffs, if other factors remain constant, and thereby improves conventional financial performance risk metrics. In particular, this suggests that the recent energy policy change in Britain to move away from green certificates and into contracts-for-differences may have been ill-founded.     

Investment inefficiency and the adoption of eco-innovations: The case of household energy efficiency technologies

This paper examines the factors determining household adoption of energy efficiency eco-innovations. We do so by testing hypotheses grounded in diffusion and finance theory and the literature on the barriers to energy efficiency. Using two large surveys of UK households, we explore the adoption of nine technologies. Our results indicate ‘investment inefficiency’ amongst household adopters occurs for two reasons. First, contrary to notions of rational choice, we find a negative relationship between the investment return of technologies and their level of diffusion. Second, we show adopters of these technologies display characteristics broadly consistent with diffusion theory, contradicting the prediction of finance theory that investment return, not individual characteristics, should drive adoption. We also find that policy has played a role in inducing the diffusion of these technologies and that tenure and spill-over effects are important in adoption. Finally, adoption is motivated more by a desire to save money than by environmental concern. We conclude by giving examples of how our research can lead to better policy timing and targeting.     

The 2013 reforms of the Flemish renewable electricity support: Missed opportunities

The Flemish renewable electricity support system has struggled to address a number of problematic issues in the past. These included excessive profit margins and general malfunctioning of the green certificate market, as well as a lack of qualification of various existing renewable energy technologies. The Flemish government responded to these issues by introducing major reforms in 2013, including “banding” to differentiate the support for various technologies. However, reliable methods for differentiating renewable electricity technologies and calculating support levels have not been sufficiently developed. The main objective of the 2013 reforms was to reduce support costs, but application of German feed-in tariffs on 18 reference technologies has shown that most projects in Flanders continue to receive high levels of support. The 2013 reforms did not succeed in addressing malfunctioning of the green certificate market. On the contrary, the confidence of investors in renewable electricity plants has decreased as the terms of support can be altered retroactively by adjusting remuneration levels and through political interventions. Future adaptations are likely to be made which will further decrease the overall stability and effectiveness of the system.     

Incentives to invest in liberalised electricity industries in the North and South. Differences in the need for suitable institutional arrangements

The issue of investment is all too often underplayed in deregulation reforms focused on market rules and de-integration measures. This presentation criticises first the optimistic approach of the theory of investment incentives through market signals when it is applied to deregulated electricity industries. The greater part of the investment in base-load and peak equipment should be made profitable by income from very high prices during peak and extreme peak periods, that raises a problem of political acceptability. The problem is then addressed in the context of the mature electricity industries in the North. Given the maturity of markets there, a number of modifications to the pure market model could be envisaged to strengthen incentives to invest, but none of them is perfect. The main way is to focus on adaptation of market rules on the supply of power at peaks and extreme peaks by considering “capacity adequacy” as a public good (with three solutions: capacity payment, reserve obligations, centralised procurement by auctioning for peak capacity). Observation of reforms suggests also the validity of some other solutions based on a limitation of the competition by allowing long-term contracts and vertical integration between production and supply. Finally the question is extended to the specific problem of developing countries characterised by irregular growth. It is argued that reforms must be designed in view of the importance of the need for investment through long-term coordination and reduction of investment risks. Indeed experiences of Latin American liberalised industries show that they have to include a number of competition-based imperfections and to allow ongoing exercise of market power in order to allow prices to rise above competition prices. The single buyer model or some variants of it appear to be good alternatives if one wishes to avoid the twists and turns of the competition paradigm. The difficulty with this model arises from the institutional conditions necessary to make it efficient and not overcostly.     

2008年奥运会对北京通信行业发展的影响研究

本文侧重于分析2008年奥运会对北京通信行业在基础设施建设，技术发展水平，电信消费、创造品牌形象和提升行业整体实力等方面的影响及作用。     

电信项目收入再分配模型研究

对收入再分配模型的现状和问题进行了分析,结合对机会成本理论的深度挖掘,创新性地建立了基于资本机会成本的收入再分配系数测算模型（单位业务能力匹配网络资源投资比例分摊法）。     

全球电信业发展一览

介绍了世界主要国家和地区电信业的发展情况。