二氯苯系列产物的气相色谱分析

介绍了在相同条件下分析对二氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、1，2，4-三氯苯和氯化苯的气相色谱法。该法采用灵敏度为10^8的1002气相色谱仪或其它类似色谱仪、氢火焰离子化检测器，在选择有机皂土和己二酸乙二醇酯混合固定相(有机皂土：6201担体=5：100；己二酸乙二醇酯：6201担体=5：100)的质量比为(1．6～1．7)：1时，能够有效地分离上述几种组分，从而可以对上述组分进行同时分析。其检出限在10^-6～10^-7之间,线性范围在10^-6～10^-3之间，便于产品检验和环境监测。     

Numerical Analysis of the Constrained Blister Test

The constrained blister test is investigated through finite element analysis to determine the applicabilities and the limitations of the new technique. Numerical results confirm that the strain energy release rate asymptotically approaches a constant value. These results also show that the test technique and the approximate solution for strain energy release rate are applicable for some practical cases.     

Analysis of solvent extracts of bituminous coal macerals by chromatography, 1H n.m.r. and field-desorption mass spectrometry

Analysis of the carbon disulphide extracts of nine samples of UK coal-maceral concentrates by ¹H highresolution n.m.r. spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography and field-desorption mass spectrometry indicates the presence of components with a wide molecular weight range extending up to 1200 amu; these are attributed to n-alkanes up to ≈C₅₀ and highly condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds.     

Automated procedure to determine the thermodynamic stability of a material and the range of chemical potentials necessary for its formation relative to competing phases and compounds

We present a simple and fast algorithm to test the thermodynamic stability and determine the necessary chemical environment for the production of a multiternary material, relative to competing phases and compounds formed from the constituent elements. If the material is found to be stable, the region of stability, in terms of the constituent elemental chemical potentials, is determined from the intersection points of hypersurfaces in an (n−1)$(n-1)$-dimensional chemical potential space, where n$n$ is the number of atomic species in the material. The input required is the free energy of formation of the material itself, and that of all competing phases. Output consists of the result of the test of stability, the intersection points in the chemical potential space and the competing phase to which they relate, and, for two- and three-dimensional spaces, a file which may be used for visualization of the stability region. We specify the use of the program by applying it both to a ternary system and to a quaternary system. The algorithm automates essential analysis of the thermodynamic stability of a material. This analysis consists of a process which is lengthy for ternary materials, and becomes much more complicated when studying materials of four or more constituent elements, which have become of increased interest in recent years for technological applications such as energy harvesting and optoelectronics. The algorithm will therefore be of great benefit to the theoretical and computational study of such materials.     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal properties of phosphorus‐containing,wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters

A series of phosphorus‐containing, wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters from acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa phosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene, p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were prepared by melting polycondensation. The structure and basic properties of the polymers, such as the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), melting temperature (T_m), thermal stability, crystallinity, and liquid crystallinity, were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. The copolyesters had relatively high T_g values ranging from 183 to 192°C. The T_m values obtained from DSC curves for samples P‐20 and P‐25 were 290 and 287°C, respectively (where the number in the sample name indicates the molar fraction of the phosphorus‐containing monomer in the reactants). The initial flow temperatures of other samples observed with hot‐stage polarizing microscopy were 271–290°C. The 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen ranged from 431 to 462°C, and the char yields at 640°C were 41–52%. All the copolyesters, except P‐40, were thermotropic and nematic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1278–1284, 2002     

Studies on film potentiometric stripping analysis: effects of electrochemical parameters

Film potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) is a novel method for concentrating the test ion directly on a glassy carbon electrode with subsequent stripping by a chemical oxidant, the redissolution step being followed by a chronopotentiometric sequence. The electrochemical parameters governing both preconcentration and redissolution steps are studied on a rotating disk electrode: experimental results are compared with the theoretical developments recently published. Except for the influence of rde rotation rates on each step and on analytical parameters, experiments and theory are in agreement. Discrepancies concerning the rotation rate effects are studied by potentiostatic coulometry and voltammetry measurements in regard to the preconcentration step: the rotation rate effects are based on the physical behaviour of the rde. Routine analysis is carried out using film PSA, Pb(II) as the test ion and Fe(III) as oxidizing agent, in perchlorate medium.     

不同预处理方法对玉米芯成分的影响

对辽宁康平和湖北襄樊产的两种玉米芯进行了原始成分分析,并分别用1%氢氧化钠、10%氨水、热水、氢氧化钠-过氧化氢溶液、1%硫酸进行处理,然后再进行成分测定,比较了不同的处理方法对玉米芯中纤维素、戊聚糖、木质素含量的影响。     

PMMA‐modified divinylester/styrene resins: Phase diagrams and morphologies

Binary and ternary experimental cloud‐point curves (CPCs) for systems formulated with a low molar mass synthesized divinylester (DVE) resin, styrene (St), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were determined. The CPCs results were analyzed with the Flory–Huggins (F‐H) thermodynamic model taking into account the polydispersity of the DVE and PMMA components, to calculate the different binary interaction parameters and their temperature dependences. The St‐DVE system is miscible in all the composition range and down to the crystallization temperature of the St; therefore, the interaction parameter expression reported for a higher molar mass DVE was adapted. The interaction parameters obtained were used to calculate the phase diagrams of the St‐PMMA and the DVE‐PMMA binary systems and that of the St‐DVE‐PMMA ternary system at three different temperatures. Quasiternary phase diagrams show liquid–liquid partial miscibility of the St‐PMMA and DVE‐PMMA pairs. At room temperature, the St‐DVE‐PMMA system is miscible at all compositions. Final morphologies of PMMA‐modified cured St‐DVE materials were generated by polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) mechanism from initial homogeneous mixtures. SEM and TEM micrographs were obtained to analyze the generated final morphologies, which showed a direct correlation with the initial miscibility of the system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4539–4549, 2006     

Cross-evaluation-based weighted linear optimization for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification

Multi-criteria ABC inventory classification (MCIC), which aims to classify inventory items by considering more than one criterion, is one of the most widely employed techniques for inventory control. This paper suggests a cross-evaluation-based weighted linear optimization (CE-WLO) model for MCIC that incorporates a cross-efficiency evaluation method into a weighted linear optimization model for finer classification (or ranking) of inventory items. The present study demonstrated the inventory-management-cost effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model using a simulation technique to conduct a comparative experiment with the previous, related investigations. We established that the proposed model enables more accurate classification of inventory items and better inventory management cost effectiveness for MCIC, specifically by mitigating the adverse effect of flexibility in the choice of weights and yielding a unique ordering of inventory items.