In-vitro measurement of the human knee joint motion during quadriceps leg raising

This paper represents a three-dimensional motion analysis of the human knee joint under given conditions of loading and constraint. As the knee is extended by a known force applied to the quadriceps tendon, relative displacements of the femur, tibia, and patella are measured using a video motion analysis system. The most prominent motion of the tibia is external rotation and anterior displacement relative to the femur during knee extension. The patellar flexion angle decreases from 70° to 0°. The moment arm of the knee extensor mechanism exhibits a characteristic bell shape which peaks somewhere in the 40°–60° region of flexion. In general, the quadriceps force results primarily from an increase in the torque exerted by the weight of the lower leg. In the range of 20°–60°, the quardricep force needed to extend the leg remains relatively constant. As the knee approaches full extension, the moment arm decreases due to the fact that the posterior capsule and the ACL begin to tighten in this region. Consequently, the quadriceps force increases rapidly.     

Quasi-static kinematics model for motion errors of closed hydrostatic guideways in ultra-precision machining

Aspheric optics has been widely employed in some high-tech industries for its superiority. In order to achieve the ultra-precision machining of these aspheric surfaces, the large optical ultra-precision grinding machine becomes crucial because it determines the efficiency of the whole process. As the key functional unit in ultra-precision machine tool, the hydrostatic guideways are commonly adopted for the excellent performance. However, the motion errors of hydrostatic guideways have a direct influence on the accuracy of the machined workpiece, and some analysis approaches have been reported correspondingly. Although the existed analysis models do work, their imperfections also can be easily captured. Accordingly, a novel analysis model with less imperfection is deserved to be developed. In this paper, the kinematic theory is utilized to establish the quasi-static analysis model for motion errors in closed hydrostatic guideways. Through the large ultra-precision grinding machine designed by our research group, the consistently good agreement between the predicted results and the measured experimental data are obtained. Furthermore, it is found that the motion accuracy is more sensitive to the profile error of the guide rail bearing the external load rather than that of the other guide rail in the closed hydrostatic guideway. The presented research is supposed to be valuable to the peer designers.     

基于ADAMS的抖振座舱系统仿真研究

为了逼真模拟飞行模拟器的动感,特别是直升机旋翼运动引起座舱的抖振,研究开发了一种新型的用于飞行模拟器的抖振座舱系统.介绍了该系统的结构组成和工作原理,并应用ADAMS仿真分析软件对该抖振系统建立虚拟样机仿真模型,经运动学仿真得到该模型的幅值运动仿真曲线,分析和验证了模型的正确性.结果证明满足技术指标的要求,为实际研制生产过程中的设计提供了依据.     

移动副驱动的2-DOF球面并联机构运动学分析

提出了一种新型移动副驱动的二自由度球面并联机构,介绍了机构的基本特征并计算了其自由度,验证了该机构运动的确定性。该并联机构采用移动副驱动,具有定位准确、输出力大、容易控制的特点。借助球面解析几何理论,以杆长和共线为约束条件建立了机构的约束方程,采用解析法获得了该并联机构的位置正、逆解;利用求导的方法进一步得到该机构速度和加速度的正、逆解。研究结果丰富了球面并联机构的构型,为该并联机构的应用打下了理论基础。     

A fractional approach for the motion planning of redundant and hyper-redundant manipulators

The trajectory planning of redundant robots through the pseudoinverse control leads to undesirable drift in the joint space. This paper presents a new technique to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant manipulators, which uses a fractional differential of order α to control the joint positions. Two performance measures are defined to examine the strength and weakness of the proposed method. The positional error index measures the precision of the manipulator's end-effector at the target position. The repeatability performance index is adopted to evaluate if the joint positions are repetitive when the manipulator execute repetitive trajectories in the operational workspace. Redundant and hyper-redundant planar manipulators reveal that it is possible to choose in a large range of possible values of α in order to get repetitive trajectories in the joint space.     

Time-optimal trajectories of a rod in the plane subject to velocity constraints

We consider the problem of moving a line segment (a “rod” or “ladder”) in the plane between two given placements when subject to the constraint that no point on the line segment may exceed a given velocity bound. Specifically, we consider those trajectories which minimize the total time between given initial and goal placements, and provide a complete characterization of all solution, together with explicit constructions for each of the various cases encountered. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-9207422, and by a grant from the James H. Zumberge Research Innovation Fund. This problem was initially posed in an open problem session of the Second DIMACS Workshop in Computational Geometry, held at Princeton University in October, 1989. A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry [8].     

An equilateral tetrahedral mechanism

Input-output kinematics of a novel, exoskeletal manipulator mechanism has been analysed. The abstract model is two equilateral tetrahedral wire frames which move relatively so that their edges remain in intersecting, parallel or coincident pairs. A mechanical, rigid body model was constructed and a computer animation was performed.     

载体位姿不受控的空间机械臂非完整特性研究

载体位姿不受控的空间机械臂系统,其载体和机械臂之间存在角动量守恒方程约束。由于该约束是非完整约束,所以普通的固定基座机器人运动学理论不能直接用来解决这类空间机械臂系统的运动学问题,基于这类非完整性约束,推出载体位姿不受控空间机械臂的运动学方程,在速度层次上分析这类载体位姿不受控的空间机械臂的运动学问题,并进行由于非完整特性引起载体位姿干扰与奇异问题的仿真研究。     

一种三平移一转动多维激振台关节的分析

为解决基于并联机构中运动副存在间隙而使得激振台在高频激振的情况下运动无法传递的问题,提出了运用柔性万向节代替普通万向节的并联机构激振台。在ADMAS中建立柔性关节激振平台的虚拟样机模型,通过仿真验证并联机构柔性激振台的可行性。并对普通万向节测试其运动输出。     

Forming of cross-profile holes by adding rotations around coplanar axes

This paper presents two methods of forming profile holes, previously drilled in rotational and casing blanks. The methods can be implemented on lathes, milling, drilling and centering machines, etc. Kinematic synthesis of the methods is shown based on the kinematics of a body rotating around coplanar axes. The rational field of application of the methods has been found. Principal diagrams of the devices and tools enabling implementation of the method are shown.