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41.
The influence has been studied of the partial pressure of hydrogen (0–30 kPa) upon the coking rate of a Cr2O3/Al2O3 commercial catalyst during 1-butene dehydrogenation. Coke deposition has been analysed using a monolayer-multilayer reversible coke growth model (MMRC model). This model provides good fits to the experimental data, within the range of partial pressure of H2 studied, and allows us to estimate the main kinetic parameters involved in the coking-deactivation process. The results obtained reveal a dual effect of hydrogen: competition against 1-butene for the active sites and the removal of coke precursors from the catalyst surface. Bom effects diminish the coking rate as the H2 partial pressure is increased.  相似文献   
42.
A novel sol–gel method based on V2O5·nH2O hydro-gel was developed to synthesize nanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite material. In this route, V2O5·nH2O hydro-gel, NH4H2PO4, Li2CO3 and high-surface-area carbon were used as starting materials to prepare precursor, and the Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon was obtained by sintering precursor at 750 °C for 4 h in flowing argon. The sol–gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors and improved reactivity. The sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction results show Li3V2(PO4)3 sample is monoclinic structure with the space group of P21/n. The TEM image indicates that the Li3V2(PO4)3 particles modified by conductive carbon are about 70 nm in diameter. The Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon system showed that the discharge capacities in the first and 50th cycle are about 155.3 and 143.6 mAh/g, respectively, in the range of 3.0–4.8 V. The sol–gel method is fit for the preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite material which may offer some favorable properties for commercial application.  相似文献   
43.
Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols, as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable by-products.  相似文献   
44.
Amine and transition metal based complexes with 4-methyl-γ-oxo-benzene-butanoic acid represent a new class of corrosion inhibitors specifically designed for long-term corrosion protection in waterborne coatings. Today, corrosion protection in waterborne technology is typically achieved using traditional anticorrosive pigments initially developed for use in solventborne coatings. Regulations concerning heavy metals and limitations regarding the compatibility and performance of such materials in waterborne coatings have created a need for novel approaches. Mechanistic aspects are discussed for the 4-methyl-γ-oxo-benzene-butanoic complexes based on electrochemical solution experiments (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)) and investigations performed on coated substrates. Exposure results underline the high efficiency of such complexes for both long-term corrosion protection and weld seam rust control in waterborne coatings.  相似文献   
45.
Co–BaCO3 catalysts exhibited high catalytic performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) using CO2 as oxidant. The maximal formation rate of C2H4 was 0.264 mmol · min−1 · (g · cat.)−1 (48.0% C2H6 conversion, 92.2% C2H4 selectivity, 44.3% C2H4 yield) on 7 wt% Co–BaCO3 catalyst at 650 °C and 6000 ml. (g · cat.)−1. h−1. Co–BaCO3 catalysts were comparatively characterized by XRF, N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption, XRD, H2-TPR and LRs. It was found that Co4+–O species were active sites on these catalysts in ODE with CO2. The redox cycle of Co–O species played an important role on the catalytic performance of Co–BaCO3 catalysts. On the other hand, the co-operation of BaCO3 and BaCoO3 was considered to be one of possible reasons for the high catalytic activity of these catalysts.  相似文献   
46.
纳米稀土复合固体超强酸催化合成乙酸苄酯   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
杨义文  李蕾  陈慧宗 《化学试剂》2006,28(11):665-667
采用共沉淀法制备了纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-/ZrO2-2%Nd2O3催化剂,电镜分析表明,催化剂颗粒直径在25nm左右,比表面积测定:71.03m^2/g。酸强度-12.70〈Ho〈-11.99。并对合成乙酸苄酯的最佳反应条件进行了研究。研究表明:当苯甲醇与乙酸的物质的量比为1:2,反应时间为5h,反应温度为120℃,催化剂用量为6%苯甲醇的质量时,酯化率可达92.04%。研究发现,该催化剂可重复使用并可活化再生。  相似文献   
47.
An ILRIS-36D 3-D laser image scanning system was used to monitor the Anjialing strip mine slope on Pingshuo in Shanxi province.The basic working principles,performance indexes,features and data collection and processing methods are illustrated.The point cloud results are analyzed in detail.The rescale range analysis method was used to analyze the deformation characteristics of the slope.The results show that the trend of slope displacement is stable and that the degree of landslide danger is low.This work indicates that 3-D laser image scanning can supply multi-parameter,high precision real time data over long distances.These data can be used to study the distortion of the slope quickly and accurately.  相似文献   
48.
以共沉淀法制备铜、铝系复合氧化物作为催化剂,二乙醇胺和甲胺为原料,合成了N-甲基哌嗪.利用高压反应釜对其进行活性评价,发现CuO-NiO/Al2O3活性最高.并对铜、铝、镍摩尔比、沉淀剂种类、沉淀方式,焙烧温度等条件进行了优化.结果表明:催化剂中理想的Cu、Al、Ni摩尔比为1:1:3.2,沉淀剂为氢氧化钠,沉淀方式为并流,焙烧温度为500℃.该条件下N-甲基哌嗪的选择性为27.7%,二乙醇胺的转化率达89.8%.另外通过对使用前后催化剂进行表征分析发现催化剂失活原因为表面高聚物的附着和对孔道的堵塞.  相似文献   
49.
Cristiani  C.  Grossale  A.  Forzatti  P. 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,42(1-4):455-459
Dispersions of a totally dispersible AlOOH powder have been studied. The effect of the initial composition has been studied to outline the reactions that determine the final rheological behaviour of the dispersions. The final viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the dispersions are determined by the sol–gel phenomena occurring during the ageing treatment. Gel formation is favoured by low water and high acid contents, while it is disfavoured by prolonged stirring. Gelling time from 48 h to 4 months has been observed depending on the initial composition.  相似文献   
50.
田厚伦 《辽宁化工》2006,35(10):570-572
对三氯异氰尿酸合成反应过程中的主要工艺参数进行分析和实验研究,并成功地开发出了连续法生产三氯异氰尿酸的新工艺,该工艺和传统工艺相比,具有生产安全、高效、节能的特点。  相似文献   
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