Sb_2O_3对富钛型钛酸锶钡基陶瓷结构及性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备Sb_2O_3掺杂(Ba_(0.7_Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3系介电陶瓷,通过扫描电镜、X线衍射仪及LCR测试系统,研究不同含量的Sb_2O_3及烧结工艺参数对TiO_2过量的钛酸锶钡体系微观结构及介电性能的影响。结果表明,随Sb_2O_3掺杂量增大,(Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3陶瓷由立方钙钛矿结构单相固溶体转变为多相化合物。在TiO_2过量的(Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3陶瓷中,Sb~(3+)进入钙钛矿晶格A位。Sb_2O_3添加量较大时,(Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3基陶瓷晶粒异常长大,粒径分布不均匀,且有柱状晶粒出现。随Sb_2O_3掺杂量增大,(Ba_(0.7_Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3基陶瓷居里温度及介电常数峰先增大后减小。提高(Ba_(0.7_Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3基陶瓷的烧结温度并延长保温时间有利于改善Sb_2O_3掺杂量较高时(Ba_(0.7_Sr_(0.3))Ti_(1.005)O_3基陶瓷室温的介电性能。     

Fabrication of apatite-type lanthanum silicate films and anode supported solid oxide fuel cells using nano-sized printable paste

Apatite-type lanthanum silicate based films have attracted significant interests to use as an electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) working at intermediate temperature. We have prepared Mg doped lanthanum silicate (MDLS) films on NiO–MDLS cermet substrates by spin coating and sintering of nano-sized printable paste made by beads milling. Changes in crystal structure and microstructure of the paste films with the sintering temperature have been investigated to show that porous network structure with a grain growth evolves up to 1300 °C, whereas densification occurred above 1400 °C. Anode supported SOFCs using the pasted MDLS films were successfully fabricated: an open circuit voltage of 0.91 V and a maximum power density of 150 mW cm⁻² measured at 800 °C were obtained with the electrolyte film sintered at 1500 °C.     

Asymmetric supported dense lanthanum tungstate membranes

In this work, a colloidal processing route for dense asymmetric La_28−xW_4+xO_54+3x/2 membranes for hydrogen gas separation applications was established. Dip coating process conditions were optimized to obtain ≈20 μm thick dense layer supported on a porous substrate of the same composition. Surfactants based on electrosteric stabilization were evaluated to obtain stable suspensions in ethanol. The effect of the quantity and type (rice starch and carbon black) of sacrificial pore formers was evaluated for the porous substrates. Based on our results, samples made with 35–45 vol.% carbon black are the best choice to obtain highly porous supports with the optimum characteristics for the fabrication of asymmetric membranes.     

碳酸镧直接电解制备金属镧试验工艺研究

本试验重点研究了碳酸镧电解制取金属镧的工艺条件。通过将碳酸镧直接加入电解炉后,研究熔盐组成、电解温度、原料钐质量对电效的影响因素及碳酸镧回收利用对产品质量的影响。     

氧化镧的加入对PREP制备钨粉末性能的影响

采用等离子旋转电极雾化技术(plasma rotating electrode processing,PREP)制备出纯W和W-La合金球形粉末,对比分析了2种类型粉末的化学成分、形貌、物理性能、缺陷和粒度分布。结果表明:PREP法制备的球形纯W粉末表面光滑、球形度高,小于106μm粉末的收得率为70%。在棒料中加入La₂O₃后,大部分La₂O₃在PREP过程中挥发,残余的La₂O₃优先附着于液滴表面,降低了的液态金属钨的表面张力,将小于106μm粉末的收得率提升至90%;但是,表面张力的降低同时也导致W-La合金粉末表面出现少量缺陷。La₂O₃提高粉末收得率的现象为研究提高PREP技术粉末收得率提供了新思路。     

超细(Ba,Sr,Cd)TiO3基多层陶瓷电容器陶瓷的研究

采用溶液-溶胶-凝胶法制备(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3纳米粉体,利用所得到的纳米粉体研究了(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3基多层陶瓷电容器用超细陶瓷的制备.对比研究了超细电容器陶瓷和传统固相法电容器陶瓷的性能.采用扫描电镜分析了两种方法得到的陶瓷的显微结构.结果表明:采用纳米粉体制备的(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3基电容器陶瓷具有晶粒尺寸约为1μm,其性能为:介电常数为140 9.44,介质损耗为0.017 5,陶瓷的密度是5.22 g*cm-3,烧结温度为1300 ℃,大大降低了烧结温度,比传统固相法的陶瓷性能有较大的改善.     

固相法合成乙酰丙酮镧

以无机镧盐、固体碱、乙酰丙酮(Hacac)为原料,在室温下无溶剂固相研磨合成乙酰丙酮镧。考察了碱的种类,乙酰丙酮的量,NaOH的量,以及研磨时间对产率的影响。采用红外、热重及X射线衍射对目标产物进行了表征,结果与标准谱图基本一致。实验结果表明LaCl3.6H2O 10mmol,Hacac 40mmol,NaOH 30mmol,室温下研磨1 h所得乙酰丙酮镧的产率达97.48%,高出经典液相法8.48个百分点。     

纳米掺锶羟基磷灰石的制备及其吸附性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-超临界流体干燥法制备了粒径在100 nm以下的纳米掺锶羟基磷灰石(SrHAP),以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为吸附目标,研究了纳米SrHAP的吸附性能.结果发现在偏酸性条件下,纳米SrHAP比纳米HAP对BSA的吸附量大,表明掺锶后吸附性能提高;但在碱性条件下,纳米SrHAP对BSA的吸附量减小.纳米SrHAP对BSA的吸附是个快速吸附过程,增加Sr/[Ca Sr]原子比XSr和BSA的起始浓度有利于吸附,升高温度不利于吸附.     

纳米掺锶羟基磷灰石的制备及其抗菌性能研究

以硝酸钙、氯化锶、磷酸氢二氨等为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-超临界流体干燥法,制备了纳米掺锶羟基磷灰石(SrHAP).通过元素含量分析、TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对其结构进行了表征,分析了锶的掺入对羟基磷灰石(HAP)的结构、晶形及结晶度的影响;研究了HAP掺入锶后对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸杆菌的抗菌性能.结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶-超临界CO2干燥法,可制备结晶性较好的纳米HAP和Sr/[Sr Ca]原子比为0.5的纳米SrHAP;在给定的条件下,锶可以按化学计量比掺入到HAP的结构中;HAP掺入锶后,其主要官能团红外光谱吸收峰的振动频率降低,晶形从HAP的短棒状改变为SrHAP的针状,结晶度降低,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸杆菌的抗菌性能提高.