Graphite Nucleation in Cast Iron Melts Based on Solidification Experiments and Microstructure Simulation

Microstructure strongly influences the mechanical properties of cast iron. By inoculating the melt with proper inoculants, foreign substrates are brought into the melt and eventually the graphite can crystallize on them. The elements and substrates that really play a role for nucleation are yet unknown. Until now there is very little knowledge about the fundamentals of nucleation, such as composition and morphology of nuclei. In this work we utilized EN-GJL-200 as a base material and examined several produced specimens. The specimens were cast with and without inoculants and quenched at different solidification states. Specimens were also examined with a high and low oxygen concentration, but the results showed that different oxygen contents have no influence on the nucleation in cast iron melts. Our research was focused on the microscopic examination and phase-field simulations. For studying the samples we applied different analytical methods, where SEM-EDS, -WDS were proved to be most effective. The simulations were conducted by using the software MICRESS, which is based on a multiphase-field model and has been coupled directly to the TCFE3 thermodynamic database from TCAB. On the basis of the experimental investigations a nucleation mechanism is proposed, which claims MnS precipitates as the preferred site for graphite nucleation. This theory is supported by the results of the phase-field simulations.     

铝电解惰性阳极近10年发展状况

铝电解惰性阳极的研究和应用对环境、能源和国民经济有着深远的影响.概述了近10年来4种铝电解惰性阳极的最新进展,评述了它们各自的优点及存在的问题,面临的挑战及应用前景.其中金属陶瓷、金属合金和梯度材料是当前研究的重点.尽管它们的设计方案不同,其原理都是利用金属改善阳极的导电导热性、抗热震性和可加工性;陶瓷或在阳极表面形成陶瓷以抵抗熔融冰晶石的腐蚀.     

Acidic‐basic interactions in tungstate melts based on tungsten electroplating out of them

Based on thermodynamic calculations of possible reactions of interaction between sodium tungstate and oxygen‐containing compounds of boron, carbon, phosphor, sulphur, metals of VI‐B group the probability of possible reactions was evaluated. The experimental verification of the assumptions was accomplished by the methods of potentiometry and IR‐spectroscopy. The possibility of existence of equilibrium (reversible) melted systems with the electrodes from metals of VI‐B group and their carbides was proved by the electrochemical measurements and thermodynamic calculations.     

LiCl-KCl熔盐中电解还原钛铁矿的研究

在LiCl-KCl熔盐中,采用熔盐电解法还原钛铁矿,研究了电解时间、槽电压及电解温度对还原钛铁矿的影响,探讨了在熔盐中钛铁矿电解脱氧的机理。结果表明,钛铁矿还原优先生成铁,钛氧化物由高价到低价逐步还原,而未得到金属钛及其合金,说明在LiCl-KCl熔盐中,TiO的脱氧还原是钛铁矿熔盐电解生成金属钛及其合金的反应限制性步骤。     

A Viscosity Estimation Model for Molten Slags in Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 System

A model for viscosity estimation of molten slags in the Al₂O₂‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂ system is presented in this work. The model is an extension to the viscosity estimation model of molten slags in the CaO‐FeO‐MgO‐MnO‐SiO₂ system developed before by the present author. The present model has explicitly taken charge compensation into consideration. It is postulated that Al exists in a structural unit MAl₂O₄ when MO/ Al₂O₃ >1 for the Al₂O₃‐MO‐SiO₂ system (MO=CaO, MgO). MAl₂O₄ has a similar behaviour as SiO₂, i.e. it can form an Al‐O‐Al network and be depolymerised by network modifying oxides (CaO, MgO). The present model is applied in viscosity estimation of some slags within the Al₂O₃‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂ system. A mean deviation of less than 25% is achieved for the present model.     

Electrochemical Reduction of Yttrium Ions

The cathodic electrode process of Y~(3+) ions on the Mo electrode in the LiCl-KCl molten salt withYCl_3(3wt%) in the temperature range of 450～530℃ has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry andchronopotentiometry.The convolution technique has been applied to the treatment of cyclic voltammogram.Theresults show that the reduction mechanism of Y~(3+) ion is Y~(3+)+3e=Y,a simple one-step process.The cathodicprocess is very close to a reversible process under lower scanning rates,and is diffusion-controlled.The cathodicproduct is an insoluble product.     

AbxAnxDiy硅酸盐熔体结构及其结晶相的高温Raman光谱研究

运用高温Raman光谱测试技术 ,对共结线附近一系列的AbxAnxDiy 样品进行了升温过程的研究。系统地对比分析了这一系列样品的玻璃 -晶体 -熔体的Raman光谱特征。低温玻璃与高温熔体在结构上虽然很相似 ,但确实存在差别。晶体与玻璃和熔体的特征峰有相似性 ,反映了晶体结构对熔体结构的继承性。晶体Raman峰的强度变化规律与温度和成分关系 ,反映了相图中不同首晶区的结晶过程特点和晶体含量的变化关系。同时 ,通过对高频区的解谱研究了体系中各结构单元的种类及含量与温度的关系     

On occurrence of multiple-site crystallization in undercooled mullite melts

Using a high-speed video, an interesting multiple-site crystallization phenomenon in undercooled mullite oxide is observed in situ in an aero-acoustic levitation apparatus when a laser heating system is incorporated. This crystallization behavior is discussed considering nucleation theory and growth analysis by defining conditions under which multiple-site crystallization can occur.     

聚酯装置熔体过滤器的国产化改造

熔体过滤器为聚酯装置关键设备,其国产化问题一直未能解决。该文通过对天津分公司200kt/a聚酯装置熔体过滤器改造方案的介绍,探讨了其国产化条件,分析了国产熔体过滤器的结构特点,并与进口过滤器进行了对比,提出了一些看法。