Advances in the reconstruction of atom probe tomography data

Key to the integrity of atom probe microanalysis, the tomographic reconstruction is built atom by atom following a simplistic protocol established for previous generations of instruments. In this paper, after a short review of the main reconstruction protocols, we describe recent improvements originating from the use of exact formulae enabling significant reduction of spatial distortions, especially near the edges of the reconstruction. We also show how predictive values for the reconstruction parameters can be derived from electrostatic simulations, and finally introduce parameters varying throughout the analysis.     

Improved moving least squares algorithm for directed projecting onto point clouds

Directed projection is a key issue in many point-based techniques in geometric modeling, computer graphics, and computer vision. This paper proposes a new point-based directed projection method in the frame of moving least squares (MLS) projection where the reference plane is determined by approximating its normal using weighting least squares method, and the weighting value, on every neighboring points is determined according to the distance from the point to the projection ray. At every optimal step, the normal is calculated from updated neighborhood to relocate the reference plane, and check the variation in energy. The resulting solution is obtained with the local minima of the energy. Comparing with the existing directed projection algorithm, the proposed method is more robust and efficient, especially for the surfaces with complex profiles. To demonstrate the valid of the proposed approach and its application in part manufacturing, several numerical experiments have been presented and the results show that it is promising.     

基于光场相机的深度面光场计算重构

光场相机与传统相机不同,通过在主镜组和传感器间特定位置设置微透镜阵列,实现在采集物方光强的同时记录光线方向。为了重构物方光场,研究了基于光场相机的深度面计算重构算法,对该算法所采用的焦点堆栈、投影切片定理进行研究。首先,对四维光场定义及光场相机工作原理进行分析;建立了相机内部深度面重构模型,分析了投影切片定理在深度面获取的应用,并推导出不同深度面图像表达式;根据得到不同深度位置图像,研究了计算重构算法,搭建了含有微透镜阵列的微型单相机光场采集系统,采集原始光场,利用本文方法实现了物方光场的逆向重构。实验结果表明:利用本文重构算法,光场相机采集的物方光场可通过滤波计算方法逆向重构,通过重构光场数据可获得物方场景深度信息。本文深度面获取算法较其他算法节省30%以上的时间,各深度面图像峰值信噪比在25~30dB之间,实现了高精度、稳定可靠的计算光场重构。     

一种投影式水射流切割数控机床的软件设计

提出了一种新型实用技术——投影式水射流切割数控加工技术，简要介绍了该加工系统的功能与应用，详细阐述了软件系统的总体结构和功能模块的实现方案，并且给出了使用Object ARX工具，在VisualC 6．0环境下编写了AutoCAD二次开发程序实例。     

基于普吕克直线的多线结构光视觉传感器标定方法

针对多线结构光系统的快速标定,提出了一种基于普吕克直线的标定方法。传统的线结构光标定方法大多以单点的形式进行提取和坐标系转换,从而获得平面方程。然而单点数量较多会导致操作复杂,不适用于多线结构光的标定。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种新的标定方法,该方法在标定过程中全部采用普吕克矩阵的形式,而不是直接使用点特征。该方法有利于在摄像机坐标系下快速准确地获得光平面方程。同时设计了一种与该方法相对应的用于标定多线结构光的平面标定靶标。为了将一般直线转换为普吕克直线,将图像平面维度延展,定义了一个新的图像空间。为了对普吕克直线的坐标系进行转换,重新表达了基于普吕克直线的透视投影模型。基于普吕克空间中直线与平面的性质,对多条结构光线的普吕克矩阵进行合并即可高效地构造出线性的矩阵方程,从而进一步拟合出结构光平面方程。实验验证了所提方法并证明了校准精度的显著提高,当测试距离为1.8 m时,测量得到的三维点的RMS误差在0.08 mm之内。     

工程制图中形体尺寸标注完整性的分析

分析形体表面投影特性与图形元素之间的关系，提出了一种“空间元素投影特征识别法”，并从线面分析法角度论证了此法的可行性。     

空间圆几何参数的非接触高精度测量方法

分析了空间圆透视投影的数学模型 ,并建立了点的空间三坐标立体视觉测量数学模型。提出了一种基于立体视觉的空间圆几何参数的非接触测量方法 ,根据极线约束求出空间圆在双目立体视觉中的对应匹配点 ,后投影到三维空间求出边缘的实际坐标 ,采用基于空间三维圆最优拟合求取空间圆的几何中心的三维空间坐标和圆半径等几何参数。该方法减小了空间圆透视投影形状畸变引起的测量误差 ,提高了基于视觉方法的空间圆几何参数的测量精度     

现场双经纬仪三维坐标测量系统

分析了经纬仪透视投影模型以及双经纬仪三维坐标测量模型。采用线性与非线性相结合的方法来求解双经纬仪坐标测量系统的参数,首先由8个以上空间点在两台经纬仪投影平面内对应的投影坐标计算出本质矩阵E,通过本质矩阵E的奇异值分解以及空间绝对距离的约束采用线性方法求出右经纬仪的投影矩阵,然后建立包含空间点在两台经纬仪投影平面内投影点固有约束以及空间点三维坐标在内的目标函数,并以线性方法求出的参数为初值,采用非线性优化的方法求解最优测量系统的参数。该方法保证了求解参数为全局最优,且求解速度快。试验结果表明,该方法切实可行。     

Effects of surface treatments of galvanized steels on projection welding procedure

A group of projection welding experiments and joints tension-shear tests are carried out for cold-rolled steel sheets, galvanized steel sheets (GSS) without treatment, GSS with phosphating and GSS with surface greasing, respectively. The experimental results are regressively analyzed on the computers, then the projection welded joint tension-shear strength curve and the perfect welding currents range of each material are obtained. The results show that surface treatments of galvanized steels have effects on their spot weldabilities. Among the four kinds of materials, GSS with surface greasing have the worst spot weldability, for they need higher welding current and have a narrow welding currem range.     

等角半正多面体的投影研究

从开发等角半正多面体在工程方面的实际应用出发,本文推导出了十三种半正多面体各自的棱长与外接球半径的数值关系;分析了它们的对称性,明确了各多面体上各阶对称轴的阶数、数量和位置;确定了当各阶对称轴垂直投影面时,该多面体的正投影图形状及几何关系;说明了当已知外接球半径(或棱长)时,这些投影图的作图原理和方法,为使等角半正多面体在实际工程上的应用提供了理论依据和技术条件。