橡胶沥青水老化试验研究

沥青路面的长期使用过程中,水是影响沥青老化的主要因素之一。为研究水老化作用方式及水量对橡胶沥青老化性能的影响,本文以橡胶沥青和TOR橡胶沥青两种材料为例,通过改变水作用阶段和用水量试验研究不同水老化方式对橡胶沥青老化后软化点、粘度、疲劳因子、蠕变劲度、蠕变速率的影响。试验结果表明：选择在压力老化前三分之一时间（400min）进行加水压力老化试验,后三分之二时间进行无水压力老化试验的水老化作用方式最具可行性;对比无水压力老化试验和加水压力老化试验可知,水的存在促进了橡胶沥青的热氧老化;随水量的增加,TOR橡胶沥青的高温稳定性能降低,抗疲劳开裂能力和低温性能降低,沥青老化加剧。     

Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Time Domain Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Rich Linseed and Fish Oil Emulsions during Thermal Air Oxidation

Linseed contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as α-linolenic acid (> 50% ALA-18:3), that are naturally protected against thermal oxidation by their encapsulation within linseed oil bodies (OB) by multiple components including antioxidant proteins and mucilage emulsifying agents. Linseed OB emulsions (LSE) can be produced by grinding linseed seeds, adding water, adjusting pH, and sonication. This is a process that can encapsulate externally added PUFA to minimize their thermal oxidation, as it does for the intrinsic ALA PUFA. Fish oil (FO) encapsulation into this LSE platform to form linseed fish oil emulsions (LSFE) offers the possibility of a nutritive delivery system of the biologically essential FO PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, ¹H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) is used to characterize LSE's and LSFE's chemical and structural properties as well as their stability and changes under thermal oxidation (55 °C for 96 hours). ¹H LF-NMR data processing was developed to generate one-dimensional (1D) T₁ (spin–lattice), 1D T₂ (spin–spin), and 2D (T₁ vs. T₂) relaxation time spectra that can characterize OB emulsions and monitor their time domain fingerprints (spectrum peaks) of chemical and structural changes during the oxidation process. The ¹H LF-NMR analysis were further supported and correlated with conventional peroxide value test, self-diffusion, droplet size distribution, zeta potential estimation of surface stability, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid profile changes under thermal oxidation conditions. The 1D and 2D LF-NMR relaxation spectra showed that the LSE and LSFE did not suffer intense oxidation process, due to PUFA assembly in OB oxidative protection. These results were further confirmed by the supportive analytical methodologies. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of ¹H LF-NMR methodology to monitor PUFA's rich oil and emulsion thermal oxidation.     

Influence of starting powder choice on structure property relations in gadolinia stabilized zirconia 3Gd-TZP manufactured from co-milled starting powders

Two 3Gd-TZP materials were manufactured from powders produced by intense mixing and milling of unstabilized zirconia starting powders and gadolinia as stabilizer oxide by hot pressing at 1250 °C – 1400 °C. The materials show a combination of high toughness and moderate strength. In detail depending on starting powder the two TZP showed distinct differences concerning transformation characteristics, sintering temperature dependence of mechanical properties and the tendency to develop R-curve related deformation features such as non-linear stress strain curves and formation of transformation bands prior to fracture.     

精密铸造4种制壳工艺特点分析及改进方向探讨

对目前国内精铸行业中广泛应用的4种制壳工艺的特点进行了分析对比。从精铸件质量比较，水玻璃型壳较差，复合型壳、硅溶胶-低温蜡型壳次之，硅溶胶-中温蜡型壳最好。而从制壳成本比较，水玻璃型壳最低，硅溶胶-中温蜡型壳最高。对这4种制壳工艺分别提出了改进措施。     

低挥发性脱漆剂的研究

以苯甲醇(BA)、丙二醇乙醚(MPA)和二丙酮醇(DKA)为主溶剂制成低挥发性脱漆剂，考察了主溶剂、促进剂的种类、用量等因素对脱漆效果的影响。实验表明：促进剂甲酸、苯酚的用量为9％时，脱漆效率可提高2～3倍；加入1．5％的液体石蜡可以降低其挥发速率，增加脱漆剂的有效作用时间。     

我国应重视铁素体及铁素体/奥氏体不锈钢管材的开发

低铬的实用型铁素体不锈钢和低镍的铁素体/奥氏体双相不锈钢是国际上1980年以后迅速发展的两类不锈钢管材新品种。前者以低成本而成为在低腐蚀环境下应用如汽车排气管等的优选管材,后者则以高强度和高耐腐蚀性能的优良组合而成为在含氯离子、H2S等应力腐蚀环境下使用的部件首选材料。介绍了这两类不锈钢(焊)管的研究情况及应用前景,并建议我国应重视和加强对这类不锈钢管材的开发。     

高耐腐蚀耐酸性气体的13%Cr油井用钢管的开发

在钢中复合添加Cu,Ni不会生成铁素体相,却能提高其耐腐蚀性能、复合添加Cu,Ni元素提高钢的耐腐蚀性能的机理,是由于生成的腐蚀皮膜为非结晶体,且在腐蚀皮膜下面形成了Cu的富集层。添加Mo元素,特别是在添加1．5％以上的Mo时,可以提高钢的耐酸性气体腐蚀的特性。在此研究基础上．开发出了低C—13％Cr—Cu—Ni—Mo钢管、该钢管具有良好的耐CO2腐蚀性能、耐酸性气体腐蚀特性以及高的强度和韧性,可在许多情况下替代双相不锈钢。     

低压铸造中液面上升延迟时间的水模拟研究

采用水模拟正交试验研究了影响低压铸造液面上升延迟时间的各因素。结果表明，加压速度和型腔内背压对液面上升延迟时间影响显著。随着加压速度增加，液面上升延迟时间有增加的趋势；型腔内背压增加，液面上升延迟时间增加。气源压力和缝隙式浇注系统的缝隙形态对液面上升延迟时间影响很小。加压曲线形态对液面上升延迟时间有一定的影响，加压速度低时，先加速而后减速，此时液面上升延迟时间较小；而加压速度高时，先加速而后减速，液面上升延迟时间更小。     

铸造金属耐磨材料研究的进展

详细介绍了耐磨材料奥氏体锰钢、低合金钢和白口铸铁的成分、组织、性能及其应用进展,还对耐磨钢结材料和耐磨铸造复合材料以及新开发的高硼铸造耐磨合金进行了评述,期待为科学选择耐磨材料提供参考。     

超低碳不锈钢铸件的生产

介绍了ZG00Cr24Ni20Mo2Cu3超低碳不锈钢锌件的生产过程。根据铸件工艺结构难点和严格的技术条件要求,合理制定了铸造工艺,正确地使用冷铁,成功地生产出合格铸件。