以低碳为导向的厦门城市建设研究设想

基于低碳的理念,对传统城市规划进行反思,发现产业布局、人口、交通等因素对传统城市规划具有重要的制约因素,而这些因素都可以通过在城市空间内发展低碳经济,创新低碳技术,转变居民消费观念低碳城市,来给城市发展带来机遇。该文基于这样一种思考,对厦门现有城市规划的不足之处,以及厦门低碳城市的建设提出一些设想。     

多途径提高冲头使用寿命的实验研究

冲头在冲裁金属零件时承受着较大的周期性冲击,导致冲头出现崩刃或折断两类主要失效形式。解决的主要方法：一是合理设计冲头的形状与结构,减少应力集中和冲击力的幅度;二是恰当地选用材料,并对材料进行合适的热处理,使材料具有良好的综合机械性能。通过对冲头刃口的改进,换用T8钢,对等温淬火的各种参数进行实验和优选,使材料淬火后得到下贝氏体组织,极大地改善了冲头抗冲击能力,有效提高了冲头的使用寿命。     

A low-carbon scenario creation method for a local-scale economy and its application in Kyoto city

On May 2008, Kyoto city government set up a low-carbon target of a 50% GHG reduction by 2030 compared to the 1990 level. To contribute to these discussions, we developed a local (city-scale) low-carbon scenario creation method. An estimation model was developed to show a quantitative and consistent future snapshot. The model can explicitly treat the uncertainty of future socio-economic situations, which originate from the openness of local economy. The method was applied to Kyoto city, and countermeasures to achieve the low-carbon target were identified. Without countermeasures, emissions would increase 12% from 2000. Among the measures, the reduction potential of energy efficiency improvements to residential and commercial sectors was found to be relatively large (15% and 18% of total reductions, respectively). The reduction potential of the passenger transport sector, in which the city government's policy is especially important, was 17% of the total amount. A sensitivity analysis showed that a 10% increase in exports leads to an 8.5% increase in CO₂ emissions, and a 20% increase in the share of the commuters from outside the city leads to a 3.5% decrease of CO₂ emissions because of the smaller number of residents in the city.     

镍、铜低合金奥贝球铁特性研究

阐明了含Ni、Cu质量分数分别为1.5%和0.8%的奥贝球铁的凝固/相变和性能特点。测定了凝固过程的微分热分析曲线、膨胀仪曲线、绘制了奥氏体连续冷却较变曲线和等温转变动力学曲线，对比分析了该成分铸铁的淬透性。测定了Ni、Cu合金化奥贝球铁的常温力学性能。     

铁基合金的贝氏体基元及其生长演化

用透射电镜研究了 Fe-C-Mo 和 Fe-C-Si-Mn 合金中温转变早期产物的组织形态,发现在整个中温转变范围非平衡先析型转变都是按贝氏体铁素体相变基元形成及其扩散生长演化方式进行,说明经生长演化一些时间后的基元难于作为判断贝氏体形核机制的形态学依据。从基元生长演化进程区分了低碳贝氏体和板条马氏体。     

Solving some key failure analysis problems using advanced methods for materials testing

A dilemma encountered in engineering practice is a proliferation of newly designed (mostly high-strength and/or corrosion-resistant) steels and alloys that are unusable in industry as they are highly susceptible to failure under operating conditions including environmentally assisted cracking. The problem of materials failure has several sources, the most significant of which is how engineers select which material to use in which industry. As a rule, selection is based solely on assessing the mechanical properties of materials with little or no consideration of how these mechanical properties will interface with specific operating parameters found within different industries. The functional design, selection and use of materials aimed at preventing in-service failures depends, therefore, on finding testing methods, standards and approaches appropriate to real operating conditions guided by analysis of material performance under those conditions.     

华新在低碳经济下的绿色发展战略感悟

习近平指出“绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展”, 低碳经济在中国是重中之重的国家战略。水泥行业产能过剩和高能耗高污染资源消耗型是华新转型实施绿色战略的直接动因和选择,凤凰涅磐,浴火重生,10年来,通过战略转型和不断升级,华新产能扩大到1亿吨,《财富》中国500强排名305位,全年实现营业收入274.66亿元,同比上年增长 31.48%;实现利润总额71.31亿元,再次跻身中国水泥行业前列。华新总裁李叶青说：“华新正脱灰袍穿绿衣,水泥将成为华新未来产业的附属产品,华新在新的百年的目标就是做全球绿色使者,让美好的世界从我们开始！”     

工业遗产空间的低碳旅游模式转型思考

工业遗产空间的转型思考是近来业界的讨论热点,各种转型模式语言亦被广泛地论述。低碳旅游模式作为一种新鲜血液,较少被涉及,然而其极具践行必要和操作意义的容量却不容被忽视。该文从工业遗产空间低碳旅游转型模式的价值认知出发,通过对其经济价值和社会价值的优势比较,确定关于此种模式讨论的重要意义;而后结合相关案例从旅游资源的合理配置,旅游产业链的有效组织以及单位子系统的低碳化保障方面进行规划思考;最后提出低碳旅游转型的模式语言,以期对类似空间转型问题带来一定的参考价值。     

城市街区环境要素对低碳出行的影响研究——以湖北武汉为例

该文基于对武汉八个典型街区的街区用地模式、交通设施配置、交通管理组织、周边房产信息等要素与街区居民出行特征的调查与比对,分析了不同街区环境要素对居民低碳出行的影响机理,为适合低碳出行的城市街区用地与交通环境构建提供了一定的指导。     

融入型低碳生态规划指标体系的构建 ——基于广州海珠生态城的案例研究

本文以广州海珠生态城规划为例,探索了生态城市规划目标和指标体系从总体规划走向控制规划的实施路径,提出了融入型低碳生态规划指标的概念.融入型低碳生态规划指标针对现行城乡规划层次体系分类构建;按城市管控、建设、运营的阶段特点区分指标控制的阶段性;按规划审批流程确定指标的审批阶段和审批主体.融入型低碳生态规划指标体系应从指标层次、控制形式、实施路径等方面体现与现行规划编制、管理、审批程序的关联性,切实提高指标体系的可实施性.