不同粒度花椒籽黑种皮粉理化特性

为探讨不同粒度花椒籽黑种皮粉加工利用的差异性,本研究利用粒径测定、显微特征分析、红外光谱 分析等方法,比较了不同粒度花椒籽黑种皮粉的粒径、色度、微观结构、中红外光谱、吸附特性、活性物质 及其抗氧化活性之间的差异。结果表明：花椒籽黑种皮粗粉经超微粉碎后,粒度显著减小、色泽明显增亮, 可引起细胞壁破碎,持水力和持油力显著提高,分别提高了33.33%和44.60%,对重金属离子的吸附性显著增 强,但花椒籽黑种皮超微粉的官能团结构并未发生改变。随着粉体粒度的减小,花椒籽黑种皮超微粉中多酚和 黄酮的溶出量分别提高了15.93%和11.24%,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和2,2’-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑 啉-6-磺酸自由基清除能力显著增强（P＜0.05）。因此,超微粉碎可有效增加花椒籽黑种皮活性物质的溶出并提高 其抗氧化能力,从而提高了花椒籽黑种皮的有效利用率。     

补中益气口服液的研发

目的研发一款具有缓解疲劳作用的功能性口服液。方法以补中益气汤为基础加入枸杞、菊花、大枣,提取药液后浓缩成膏状,再将糖加入到水中制成单糖浆,最后把糖浆与药膏混合在一起制成口服液。对补中益气口服液进行稳定性分析,并对保质期及含量进行测定。结果补中益气口服液口感适度,性质较为稳定。高效液相色谱结果表明补中益气口服液中有黄芪皂苷、阿魏酸等成分。利用紫外可见分光光度计法检测口服液中总黄酮的含量,其结果符合要求。结论补中益气口服液各方面均符合要求,可批量生产。     

品质指标与纺纱和织物质量之间的关系分析

通过对纤维品质和试验数据可纺性能优劣性的分析,说明了纺纱过程中导致纺纱质量异常现象的关键不是试验数据本身,而是没有认真地对纤维的一些隐性指标做进一步分析,也说明了纤维评等评级、目光检测、手感目测、常规试验仪器检验对纤维检验和纺纱质量控制的重要性.棉纱的试验疵点数据与布面检测疵点数据存在偏离标准和无法捕捉的信息,是未来纺纱试验仪器设备必须改进提高的重要环节之一,纺纱过程中经常出现优质半制品却生产不出优质棉纱的现象再一次说明现代纺纱工艺技术新理念的存在与发展,强调了原料变化与织物组织结构的变化相适应,阐述了改进棉纱某些或某个质量指标是减少纺纱成本、质量控制少走弯路的关键.     

加脂剂合成过程中主要参数的测试原理和方法

加脂剂合成过程相关参数的测定对于合成过程的控制有着十分重要的指导意义.对皮革加脂剂在合成过程中常用的参数测试方法进行了归纳,并详细介绍了皂化值、碘值、过氧化值的测试原理和方法.     

膳食纤维结肠微生物酵解微粒特性研究

利用人体结肠微生物,分别以水溶性膳食纤维卡拉胶和水不溶性膳食纤维蔗渣作为唯一碳源,在离体条件下厌氧发酵,采用Zeta电位仪研究了发酵液上清液中的微粒特性。结果发现,卡拉胶酵解后的平均粒径为465.1nm,ζ(Zeta)电位为-34.29±1.73mV;蔗渣酵解后的平均粒径为801.7nm,ζ(Zeta)电位-21.77±0.57mV;表明膳食纤维被结肠微生物酵解后能产生基本特性较一致的微粒,但不同膳食纤维间存在差异。     

涤棉织物柔软整理前后导湿透气性能变化分析

通过改变柔软剂使用量、处理温度等测试条件,测试织物整理前后导湿及透气性能的变化情况.测试结果表明:经过柔软整理后,涤棉织物的亲水性得到改善,织物的导湿性有了明显提高,芯吸高度增加,在织物中的完全渗透时间缩短.由于织物的密度、厚度及面密度在整理后有所增加,织物的透气性能略有下降.     

肉制品中动物源性成分DNA检测方法的研究进展

肉制品主要成分标识的真实性是全球重要的食品安全问题之一,特别是肉制品中动物源性成分的掺假和标识问题已引发全球关注。如何对肉制品中动物源性成分进行鉴定和标识已成为产品真实性鉴定的热点。基于DNA分子稳定性强的优点,DNA检测技术被广泛用于食品安全检测和监测诸多领域,体现出了灵敏度高、特异性强等优势。本文重点从动物源性检测的靶序列DNA选择和DNA分析技术研究2个方面,阐述了肉制品中动物源性成分定性、定量检测技术的研究和应用,并讨论动物源性成分定量分析的可能性,为我国实施动物源性成分量化监管提供思路。     

The cost-benefit of genomic testing of heifers and using sexed semen in pasture-based dairy herds

Recent improvements in dairy cow fertility and female reproductive technologies offer an opportunity to apply greater selection pressure to females. This means there may be greater incentive to obtain genomic breeding values for females. We modeled the impact of changes to key parameters on the net benefit from genomic testing of heifer calves with and without usage of sexed semen. This paper builds on earlier cost-benefit studies but uses parameters relevant to pasture-based systems. A deterministic model was used to evaluate the effect on net benefit due to changes in (1) reproduction rate, (2) genomic test costs, (3) availability of parent-derived breeding values (EBV_PA), and (4) replacement rate. When the use of sexed semen was included, we also considered (1) the proportion of heifers and cows mated to sexed semen, (2) decreases in conception rate in inseminations with sexed semen, and (3) the marginal return for surplus heifers. Scenarios with lower replacement rates and no availability of EBV_PA had the largest net benefits. Under current Australian parameters, the net benefit of genomic testing realized over the lifetime of genotyped heifers is expected to range from A$204 to A$1,124 per 100 cows for a herd with median reproductive performance. The cost of a genomic test, a perceived barrier to many farmers, had only a small effect on net benefit. Genomic testing alone was always more profitable than using sexed semen and genomic testing together if the only benefit considered was increased genetic gain in heifer replacements. When other benefits (i.e., the higher sale price of a surplus heifer compared with a male calf) were considered, there were combinations of parameters where net benefit from using sexed semen and genomic testing was higher than the equivalent scenario with genomic testing only. Using sexed semen alongside genomic testing is most likely to be profitable when (1) used in heifers, (2) the marginal return for selling surplus heifers (sale price minus rearing costs) is greater than A$400, and (3) conception rates of no more than 10 percentage points lower than those achieved using conventional semen can be realized. Net benefit was highly dependent on the marginal return. Demonstrating that the initial investment in genomic testing can be recouped within the lifetime of the heifers tested may assist in the development of extension messages to explain the value of genomic testing females at the herd level.     

聚乳酸纤维的染色性能研究

用差热分析法研究了聚乳酸纤维面料的玻璃化温度及熔融温度，选择不同类型分散染料对聚乳酸纤维面料进行染色工艺研究，测试了染料在聚乳酸纤维上的色牢度，并探讨了染色深度及染料粒径与上染百分率的关系，粒径大小与分布影响上染百分率．分散染料商品剂型加工应向精细化发展，并应满足聚乳酸纤维染色专用需求．     

Supplex纤维针织物的染色工艺探讨

根据Supplex纤维的特性,选择了活性染料对Supplex针织物进行染色。采用正交试验方法。分析了染料用量、染色浴比、染色时间等因素对染色质量的影响,探讨了最佳染色工艺。