无线传感网中节点的协同过滤定位算法

针对无线传感器网络迭代定位算法中节点定位精确度低的问题,提出了协同过滤定位算法(Cooperative Filter Localization Algorithm, CFLA)。该算法对周围只有两个信标节点的未知节点进行定位时,产生出未知节点的两个候选点。为了精准高效地判定出候选点,引入两种协同过滤定位模型。模型一,通过选择出合理的参考节点,利用该参考节点与未知节点的协作进行候选点的过滤。模型二,利用该模型中可以直接通信的未知节点之间的相互协作,判定它们之间的测距与它们的候选点间的欧式距离之间的关系过滤出精度高的候选点。仿真结果表明,在相同的网路环境下,CFLA算法在能量消耗上低于SL-n和RAMP;在信标节点占比为8%时,该算法的定位误差比SL-n算法减少了14.7%,比RAMP算法减少了9.6%,有效地提高了节点的定位精度。     

摭谈《资治通鉴》“臣光曰”对学生管理工作的启示

创建一个良好的竞争秩序、一个优秀的团队、一个有信用的声誉,并且因材施教,赏罚结合,有助于激励学生健康成长,搞好学生管理工作。《资治通鉴》中"臣光曰"中具有激励价值的部分对学生管理工作的意义。     

一种性能良好的反射镜架

反射镜架很多仪器设备中常用的部件.实际工作中要求反射镜架具有良好的调节性能,以利于仪器光路的安装调试,根据这一要求,本文提出了一种反射镜架结构并采用位移分解法分析了该结构调节机构的性能.理论分析和实际应用表明该镜架在小范围内调节光斑位置时确实具有优良的调节性能,保证了光斑位置两维自由度调节的正交独立性.该镜架对通光孔的遮挡最小,结构简单,成本低廉.可方便地用于很多相应的仪器设备中.     

基于PZT的非球面能动抛光盘定位误差分析

摘要：变形抛光盘能够改变面型以用于非球面镜加工。基于PZT压电陶瓷驱动器的非球面能动抛光磨盘,能够在PZT驱动器的作用下改变面型,为中小口径非球面镜加工提供了一种新的工具。非球面能动抛光磨盘在相对非球面工件移动时,根据位置,计算出每个PZT驱动器的变形量。因此定位误差会引起压电陶瓷驱动器的变形误差,从而造成输出的非球面面型误差。本文对定位误差进行了理论分析和计算,根据计算结果,定位误差应该限制在±0.5mm。     

镜像铣削系统的蒙皮零件在机测量技术研究

以镜像铣削系统为研究对象,为了获取蒙皮零件装夹在镜像铣削系统的点位坐标,搭建了镜像铣削系统的在机测量硬件平台,并以镜像铣削系统的数控系统为基础,开发了数控系统嵌入式测量软件人机界面,实现飞机蒙皮复杂自由曲面的加工-测量一体化制造。采用蒙皮零件在机测量的制造方式减少了重复装夹定位的时间消耗和误差引入,提高了蒙皮零件自由曲面的加工精度和检测效率。在镜像铣削系统上开展关于蒙皮零件的在机测量系统的设计具有较高的工程应用价值。     

基于PZT非球面能动抛光盘的变形优化

基于PZT压电陶瓷驱动器的非球面能动抛光盘,能够在PZT驱动器的作用下改变面形,用于中小口径非球面镜加工。一个口径100mm、含19个PZT驱动器的非球面能动抛光磨盘已经试制完毕,用于一个口径350mm、k＝－1.112155、顶点半径R=840mm双曲面镜的加工实验。为研究PZT压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞效应对非球面能动抛光盘输出面形的影响,实测各PZT压电陶瓷驱动器的电压位移特性曲线,用基于径向基函数的神经网络算法建立各PZT压电陶瓷驱动器位移输出特性的数学模型并实施补偿,实测各PZT压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞补偿前后的位移输出值。最后利用有限元分析方法,得到迟滞补偿前后非球面能动抛光盘的输出面形,以及剩余残差RMS相应分别为1.910um、0.342um。通过补偿各PZT压电陶瓷驱动器的迟滞效应,非球面能动抛光盘输出面形精度得到了提高,剩余残差RMS减少了82%。     

梳妆匣中的时代印记

本文分析了不同时代中国传统女子梳妆匣的造型及装饰特点,并结合梳妆匣所处时代的手工艺及生产力发展水平和当时社会环境,分析了特定时代梳妆匣中所蕴含的审美情趣与价值取向,以及不同时代梳妆匣形制的传承与发展。证实了不同的社会环境和审美对本时期器物造型和传世的影响,梳妆匣作为女子梳妆工具的存放器具,时代装饰文化的前端代表,也必然承载着其特定的时代印记。     

一种基于离散实镜像理论的修正物理光学法在金属平行板内嵌电大尺寸结构中的应用

传统的物理光学法(PO)能够方便高效地处理开放空间中电大尺寸结构的电磁散射问题,并且通常能获得较好的精度。然而,对于电大尺寸结构内嵌在金属平行板之间的这种特殊问题,传统的PO方法不再适用,而采用全波分析方法来处理往往需要消耗巨大的计算资源。该文在离散实镜像理论的基础上,提出了一种修正的物理光学法(DRMI-PO),基本思想是先将金属平行板间的激励电磁流展开为傅里叶级数,再对级数的每一项分别应用2维物理光学法求解场,最后把所有求得的场解作线性组合。与多层快速多极子(MLFMA)的全波方法相比,DRMI-PO在解决该类特殊结构的电磁仿真问题时能在保证足够高精度的同时大幅度提高计算效率;作为应用实例,对两种不同极化方式的太赫兹波段扇形波束扫描天线分别进行了DRMI-PO数值仿真与实验测试,结果表明仿真和实验得出的天线方向图吻合较好,从而证实了DRMI-PO方法的有效性。     

Study on axial-feed mirror finish grinding of hard and brittle materials in relation to micron-scale grain protrusion parameters

An axial-feed mirror finish grinding of hard and brittle materials is proposed by controlling grain protrusion parameters. In this grinding, the grinding wheel feed is along the wheel axial direction rather than in the traditional wheel cutting direction. The objective is to understand how micron-scale grain protrusion parameters influence ductile-mode grinding and ultimately to realize efficient mirror finish grinding using a coarse diamond grinding wheel. In this study, the grain tip truncation (GT-truncation) was performed after dressing to improve grain protrusion topography. First, a formation model of axial-feed ground surface was constructed to analyze the effect of grain protrusion parameters and grinding parameters on the critical cutting depth transferred from brittle-mode removal to ductile-mode removal; then GC dressing and GT-truncation of #180 diamond grinding wheel were experimentally performed to investigate surface roughness and ductile-mode grinding behavior with reference to grinding parameters and grain protrusion parameters; finally, a truncated coarser #60 diamond grinding wheel was employed for mirror finish grinding to observe active grain number and grain protrusion angle. Theoretical analysis shows that this ductile-mode grinding is dominated by active grain number, active grain protrusion angle, wheel rotating speed and axial-feed speed, but it does not depend on the depth of cut assumed to be less than the grain protrusion height. Experimental results indicate that the GT-truncation may increase active grain number and grain protrusion angle for ductile-mode grinding when the axial-feed speed decreases to some extent. Moreover, the micro tip radius of diamond grain also influences the ground surface. It is confirmed that by increasing active grain number and grain protrusion angle synchronously, a truncated #60 diamond grinding wheel can be applied for efficient mirror finish grinding of the SiC ceramic plate at the axial-feed speed of 50 mm/min and the tool path interval of 0.1 mm.     

Experimental study on ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of hardened steel using PCD tools

Diamond tools cannot usually be applied for machining hardened steels while applying conventional cutting technique. As an alternative, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) technique was successfully applied for obtaining mirror surface on such steels using single crystal diamond (SCD) tools. In order to reduce production cost without compromising mirror surface quality, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools may be tested against highly expensive SCD tools. However, study on machining of hardened steel using PCD tools applying the UEVC technique has not yet been reported. The current research presents an experimental study on UEVC of hardened stainless steel (a typical Stavax, hardness 49 HRC) using the PCD tools. Face turning experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three machining parameters: nominal depth of cut, feed rate, and nominal cutting speed on output performances such as cutting force, tool flank wear, surface roughness, and chip formation. Experimental results show that nominal cutting speed has very strong influence on the output performances, compared to the other two parameters. The surface roughness improves with a decrease in cutting speed. A mirror-like surface of approximately 804 mm² with a roughness value R_a of 11 nm was achieved at a lower cutting speed. Theoretical explanations have been given to support the results drawn from the UEVC experiments. It can be concluded that, while applying the UEVC technique, the inexpensive PCD tools instead of the SCD tools can be effectively applied to obtain optical surface for producing precise molds from the hardened steel.