Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的毒理学安全性评价

本文通过动物实验,研究Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的食用安全性。采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及大鼠30天喂养试验对Borojoa果酶解浓缩粉进行评价。结果表明,雌雄小鼠经口急性毒性LD50〉21．5g/kg·bw,根据急陛毒性分级,受试物Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异;大鼠30d喂养试验表明各剂量组动物体重增重、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学检查及血液生化检查与对照组比较均无显著性差异;病理检查主要脏器未见明显中毒性病理改变,说明Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属于安全性食品。     

Qualitative and quantitative identification of adulteration of milk powder using DNA extracted with a novel method

The extraction of high-quality DNA from processed dairy products is often the crucial step in an authentication process by PCR-based methods. In this study, we optimized a novel DNA extraction method for milk powder and used the extracted DNA for identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. The DNA quality was assessed by amplifying target sequences from mitochondrial genes, as well as by monitoring the yield, purity, and integrity of the extracted DNA. In addition, a laboratory adulteration model of milk powder was detected by PCR-based methods (PCR and real-time PCR) using primers targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Results showed that a sufficient amount and quality of DNA could be isolated from milk powder with this method. Both PCR and real-time PCR detection of cow milk compositions in goat milk powder further confirmed the DNA extracted with this extraction method could be widely used in addressing milk powder adulterant by a PCR-based method.     

关于GB/T 21704-2008方法改进和适用范围的研究

目的 对GB/T 21704-2008《乳与乳制品中非蛋白氮含量的测定》中前处理部分提出方法改进,明确方法的适用范围。方法 用不同剂量的三氯乙酸溶液沉淀样品中蛋白质,过滤后测定滤液中非蛋白氮含量；加水完全溶解三组不同质量的三聚氰胺,加入不同体积的三氯乙酸溶液,观察三聚氰胺在不同浓度三氯乙酸溶液中的析出情况；加标不同量的三聚氰胺,测定计算回收率确定仪器的检测限。结果 样品中蛋白质含量低于20 g/ 100 g 时,20 mL 15%三氯乙酸溶液可完全沉淀样品中蛋白质；三氯乙酸浓度越高,三聚氰胺溶解度越小,越容易析出；本实验用的全自动凯氏定氮仪最低可准确稳定检测2 mg三聚氰胺/10g样品。结论 国标方法改进后可以节约试剂,在消化环节缩短加热时间,提高实验效率；三聚氰胺在三氯乙酸溶液中的溶解度情况和仪器检测限的限制框定方法的适用范围是2 mg -20 mg三聚氰胺/10g样品。     

多重实时荧光定量PCR快速检测婴幼儿奶粉中沙门氏菌、克罗诺杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌

目的建立多重实时荧光定量PCR(multiplex quantitative real-time PCR,multiplex qPCR)快速检测奶粉中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和克罗诺杆菌3种常见致病菌的方法。方法筛选目标菌株的特异性引物与探针,优化反应体系,建立稳定的多重q PCR反应体系。通过阳性菌株加标的方式验证体系的特异性,并确定人工污染奶粉的检出限。结果各对引物探针对目标菌株均能扩增,多重实时荧光PCR未发现交叉反应,对17株非目标菌进行检测均未检出,人工污染奶粉中克罗诺杆菌和沙门氏菌的检出限均为10~3 CFU/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限为10~4 CFU/mL。结论本研究方法可实现婴幼儿奶粉样品中3种致病菌qPCR高效率检测。     

高温型α-淀粉酶对膨化米粉冲调性的影响

研究了在双螺杆挤压系统下应用高温型α-淀粉酶制备和改善膨化米粉冲调性能的工艺和方法,并比较了加酶挤压前后DE值、结块率、黏度、色泽的变化。结果显示,在挤压过程中添加高温型α-淀粉酶,可以提高原料淀粉的降解程度,产品在冲调复水时,膨化米粉的结块率降低。通过响应面优化实验,得到了添加高温型α-淀粉酶制备膨化米粉最佳挤压工艺条件:挤压温度136.2℃,螺杆转速100 r/min,加酶量36.35 u/g。在此条件下所得膨化米粉与未加高温淀粉酶的米粉比较,产品DE值由1.06上升到13.58,结块率由32.0%下降到11.25%,冲调后的黏度由113.9 mPa.s下降到88.6 mPa.s,产品色度△E值与对照样基本一致,冲调性得以改善。     

Comparative study on physicochemical and functional properties of egg powders from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken

Physicochemical and functional properties of freeze-dried egg powders (egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg) from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken were studied comparatively. All egg powders had protein content in the range of 91.13–97.03 g/100 g powder. The quail egg powder had higher mineral and essential amino acid contents, but lower fat content as compared to chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Moreover, egg white powder from both quail and chicken presented higher total amino acids content than corresponding whole egg and egg yolk powders, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed that β-sheet is the major secondary structure of all egg powders. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, quail egg powders showed slightly lower denaturation temperatures than corresponding chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study showed the slight difference in protein patterns of corresponding quail and chicken egg powders. The quail egg powders presented higher protein solubility than corresponding chicken egg powders at all pH tested. Furthermore, quail egg powders exhibited higher emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index with higher foam expansion and stability than the corresponding chicken egg powders. Therefore, Japanese quail egg powders could be used as an alternative to white Leghorn chicken egg in the preparation of foods and diets that require high protein content with positive health benefits.     

以云烟87为主的烟末乙醇抽提物风味成分的气相色谱-质谱法分离鉴定

利用不同浓度乙醇浸提一种以云烟87为主的烟末,制备出5种烟末抽提物,经同时蒸馏萃取,结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析,比较了5种烟末抽提物的风味物质。结果表明:对烟草风味有重要贡献的物质(3-甲基丁醛、4-氧化二氢-α-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇及棕榈油酸等)在烟末的乙醇抽提物中均被检出,而在烟草水提物中未被检出。说明乙醇能促使重要的风味物质溶出,而60%乙醇浸提烟末,得到的酮类、醛类、酯类和醇类含量丰富,是理想的烟草香料的来源。     

一种低温无硼无铅生料乳浊釉的研究

研究了一种无硼无铅生料乳浊釉,并讨论了影响乳浊度的一些因素     

4-羟基吡啶盐酸盐的表征

在合成4-羟基-3-硝基吡啶(HNP)的过程中发现市场上供应的一种4-羟基吡啶(C)仅含78%4-羟基吡啶(HP),含氯量14.4%。在遇到浓硫酸时放出氯化氢气体,怀疑(C)是HP的盐酸盐。为了证实,制备了HP的两种盐酸盐HP.HCl(A)和(HP)2.HCl.H2O(B),分析了它们的组成,用X-射线粉末衍射谱,熔点和水溶液的pH值作为参数进行表征。据此,证实了(C)就是(B)。在此基础上修改了HNP的合成工艺得到了高于文献报道的纯度和收率。     

粉末涂料粉碎分级系统研究

粉末涂料粉碎分级系统是粉末涂料制备过程的重要环节。针对粉末涂料的特点和对粒径的需求,在研究ACM冲击式粉碎机和SCX超细分级机基础上,探索了2条不同工艺流程的粉碎分级系统,分析了影响该工艺及系统的粉碎分级性能的因素。实验表明,进行2次分级的粉末涂料粉碎分级系统,能分别控制粒径的上限和下限,使得粒径分布窄,合格产品的质量分数为96%,平均粒径为40μm。