研究固井材料防窜及动态性能的方法及装置

为了探讨射孔时水泥环破裂原因,系统地进行水泥环防窜、抗窜的综合试验研究,我们设计了模拟固井射孔的综合试验装置,及多功能材料动态性能测试装置。本文主要介绍这二种装置的设计思想、试验方法等。     

Homo‐oligomerization of maleic anhydride in nonpolar solvents: A kinetic study of deviations from nonlinear behavior

Deviation from nonlinear first order polymerization kinetic models is usually observed for cases where steric effects are dominant. A kinetic model was developed for the homo‐oligomerization of bulky maleic anhydride units. Factors affecting the kinetics of homo‐oligomerization of maleic anhydride have also been studied using two different initiators, azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide, at 10 mol % concentrations in two different solvents o‐xylene and toluene. Maleic anhydride polymers having a number average molecular weight by SEC, between 300 and 900, and a polydispersity of between 1.0 and 2.0 were observed, and data were justified by the model. The molecular weight of the polymers increased with the conversion, and steric effects dominated at higher molecular weight as observed from the decrease in magnitude in the corresponding termination rate constants. The model values of conversion were compared with experimental data and cross verification of the model was done using molecular weight calculations. The present model represents the data with an average error of less than 5% over the entire experimental range. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3404–3412, 2006     

ON THE COMPOSITION-DEPENDENT INTERACTION PARAMETERS IN EQUATIONS OF STATE

Composition-dependent interaction parameters have been applied to the calculation of vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) in mixtures containing components of different chemical nature. Binary VLE have been correlated and ternary VLE have been predicted from binary data using five different mixing rules. Binary data can be accurately correlated for systems with moderate deviations from ideality using mixing rules with two binary parameters. For very strongly nonideal mixtures three binary parameters are needed. For the prediction of ternary VLE from binary information only the mixing rules of Panagiotopoulos and Reid (1986) and Schwartzentruber et al. (1987) are reliable. For most systems the quality of predicting ternary data is comparable to the quality of correlating binary data. Significant deviations are noted only for strongly nonideal systems close to phase separation. In these cases it is recommended to use models incorporating association in an explicit form. KEYWORDS Equations of state Mixing rules Multicomponent Vapor-liquid equilibria.     

Uphill permeation model of gold(III) and its separation from base metals using thiourea derivatives as ionophores across a liquid membrane

This work deals with carrier-facilitated membrane transport of Au(III) from chloride media across a polymer-immobilised liquid membrane (PILM) using as organic reagents N-(thiocarbamoyl)benzamide derivatives and N-benzoylthiourea derivatives, denoted as 2a–c and 3a–f, respectively. Both the composition of the organic membrane solvent and the type of carrier have a marked effect on gold permeation. Recovery and permeability of gold using 2a–c and 3a–f across a PILM proceed in the following order: 3e≈3d≈3c?3f>3b≈3a≈2a≈2b≈2c. In view of the performance of these carriers, 3c was selected as a metal receptor for detailed studies of Au(III) in permeation. A model is presented for the permeation of Au(III) (61 μM) in 0.5 M Cl⁻ at pH 2.5 using 3c as a membrane carrier. The mathematical equations describing the rate of permeation are derived to correlate the membrane permeability coefficient with diffusional and equilibrium parameters. The mass transfer coefficient was calculated from the described model as 1.1×10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹, and the thickness of the aqueous boundary was later calculated to be 65 μm. Several polymeric supports were tested for impregnation of the organic extractant, and Durapore (Millipore) afforded the maximum flux for Au(III), yielding a value of 1.1×10⁻¹⁴ mol m⁻² s. The relationship between flux and support characteristics is derived and a mathematical equation is presented. Of the several diluents used, cumene had the most satisfactory performance in terms of PILM stability and metal transport. Of the different reagents used, 0.5 M sodium thiocyanate in 0.5 M NaCl at pH 2.5 served most efficiently as the stripping agent. More than 80% of the Au(III) could be readily separated using 3c in the presence of various metals such as Cu(II), Fe(III) and Zn(II).     

Multicomponent complexes of piroxicam with cyclodextrins and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the complexation of piroxicam (PX) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) in solution and in the solid state. Phase solubility study revealed a positive effect of the polymer on the drug complexation. Improvement in stability constants values, K_s, of ternary complexes clearly proves the benefit of the HPMC addition for promoting higher complexation efficiency. Solid binary and ternary complexes were prepared by spray drying. Drug-CD and drug-CD-polymer interactions were studied in the solid state by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), zeta-potential measurements, and particle size distribution. A marked increase in the PX dissolution rate was observed even in binary and ternary complexes. The presence of HPMC in ternary complexes slightly retarded the release of PX. Cyclodextrin complexation increased the PX concentration gradient over the semipermeable membrane, resulting in an increased PX flux. The retarded diffusion of PX to the membrane interface decreased the PX flux values of the ternary complexes.     

低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏渗吸机理及其数学模型

研究了低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的渗吸机理,分析了各种因素对自发渗吸的影响.对低渗透岩心的自发渗吸实验数据进行了归一化处理,改进了三重指数函数模型,使之更好地符合低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的自发渗吸特性.利用常规室内水驱油实验和核磁共振成像技术,研究了驱替条件下渗吸的问题.提出了在低渗透岩心水驱油过程中存在最佳渗流速度;并分析了在水驱油过程中的渗吸机理,为低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的水驱油开发提供理论指导.     

氧透双油泵的自动控制

本文以浙江中控公司DCS系统组态软件AdvanTrolPro（V2．5）为例，介绍实现氧透双油泵自动控制为目的的组态思路和方法。     

无基元高混合熵合金形成固溶体结构三原则

无基元高混合熵合金是由五种以上主元素构成，具有很高的混合熵。通过对已发表无基元高混合熵合金数据的分析，初步得出无基元高混合熵合金形成固溶体的一般规律：1五种以上主元素；2最大原子半径差小于12％；3舍金混合焓介于-40到10KJ／mol。     

Hydrogen permeability of multiphase V-Ti-Ni metallic membranes

Development of advanced hydrogen separation membranes in support of hydrogen production processes such as coal gasification and as front end gas purifiers for fuel cell based system is paramount to the successful implementation of a national hydrogen economy. Current generation metallic hydrogen separation membranes are based on Pd-alloys. Although the technology has proven to be successful, at issue is the high cost of palladium. Evaluation of non-noble metal based dense metallic separation membranes is currently receiving national and international attention. The focal point of the reported work was to evaluate a Group 5A-Ta, Nb, V-based alloy with respect to microstructural features and hydrogen permeability. Electrochemical hydrogen permeation testing of the V-Ti-Ni alloy is reported herein and compared to pure Pd measurements recorded as part of this same study. The V-Ti-Ni was demonstrated to have a steady-state hydrogen permeation rate an order of magnitude higher than the pure Pd material in testing conducted at 22 °C.     

In‐Depth Study of Mass Transfer in Nanoporous Materials by Micro‐Imaging

The first application of interference microscopy to monitoring mass transfer in nanoporous materials dates back to late 1970s when Caro and colleagues reported results of investigations of water uptake by LTA type zeolites. It was, however, not before the beginning of the new millennium that the developments in both the measuring technique and computational power have enabled the recording of transient guest profiles during molecular uptake and release under well‐defined conditions, leading to the establishment of a novel access to diffusion studies, now referred to as micro‐imaging. In the present contribution, the thus accessible novel type of information is illustrated by an in‐depth analysis of the uptake kinetics of methanol in an all‐silica ferrierite. In particular, two remarkable experimental findings are reported, which may be tracked back to their microstructural and/or microdynamic origin, namely a pronounced asymmetry in the transient concentration profiles and a slowing down of guest uptake with increasing temperature.