APPLICATION OF LINEARIZED MODELS OF MULTICOMPONENT MASS TRANSFER FOR CALCULATION OF EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION PROCESS IN TERNARY SYSTEMS

Results of calculations based on a linearized multicomponent mass transfer theory developed by Burghardt and Krupiczka are compared with experimental data of Modine for condensation-evaporation process in ternary systems. These data have been obtained for acetone-benzene-nitrogen and acetone-benzene-helium in a welted wall column. Models I and II, which take into account diffusional interactions of components in a mullicomponent mixture show good agreement with the experiments as well as with other calculation methods (Krishna-Standart and Toor-Stewart-Prober). When multicomponent mass transfer occurs in the presence of inert species, a straightforward Model II is recommended. Model I, which is more universal, requires some iterative calculations with respect to the sum of mass fluxes. According to theoretical considerations the latter model is limited to the case of low total mass flux. The results of calculations for the systems studied were reasonably good though the total mass fluxes were not small. The calculation procedure based on the presented linearized models are convergent to the proper solutions in contrast to the Krishna-Standart Model IV which in some cases can be unstable.     

GENERALIZED DERIVATIONS FOR MIXTURES USING THE VIRIAL EQUATION: APPLICATION TO FUGACITY

Calculation of mixture properties using the virial equation of state (VEOS) becomes tedious when the expression contains more than the second virial term. This paper describes a derivation procedure which permits relatively simple extension to any number of virial terms. We have used the fugacity derivation as an example of using the new technique and provide an equation for the fugacity coefficient using any number of terms and any number of components.     

水中溶解性有机物分子量分布测定方法评价

文章介绍了两种测定水中有机物分子量分布的方法 :滤膜过滤法及凝胶液相色谱法 ,并列出了一些研究者用两种方法测定水源水的结果 ,根据两种方法的测定原理、测定步骤及对数据的分析 ,作者认为滤膜法应视作为一种粗略的方法 ,有条件时应尽量采用凝胶色谱法     

Improved methods for evaluating the molar mass distributions of cellulose in kraft pulp

Multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALLS) was used to characterize birch kraft pulps with respect to their absolute molecular mass distributions (MMDs). The pulps were dissolved in lithium chloride/N,N‐dimethylacetamide and separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The weight‐average and number‐average molecular masses of the cellulose fractions of the pulps obtained from the absolute MALLS measurements were compared with the molar masses obtained by direct‐standard‐calibration relative pullulan standards. Discrepancies between the two detection methods were found, and two ways of correlating the relative pullulan molar masses to the absolute molar masses were examined. In the first method, the correlation was made over a large range of molecular masses. The second method correlated the molecular masses of the standards to the molecular masses of samples by the calculation of fictitious, cellulose‐equivalent molar masses of the standards. With the preferred second method, a more correct MMD of kraft pulp samples could, therefore, be obtained from an SEC system calibrated with narrow standards. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1170–1179, 2003     

超滤膜等离子体改性分离大豆蛋白的研究

分别用氧气和氩气等离子体对醋酸纤维素超滤膜进行表面改性,用大豆分离蛋白溶液进行超滤实验,结果表明等离子体处理后膜的接触角变小,亲水性能大大增强,超滤过程可以在保持截留率不变的情况下使膜的透水率增大2～3倍,同时膜的抗污染性能增强。研究发现在相同的等离子体反应条件下,氩气的处理效果优于氧气。     

On the molecular weight determination of a poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK)

Attempts have been made to determine the weight average molecular weight ($\text{M}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>W</mtext>}}$), the radius of gyration ($\text{R}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>G</mtext>}}$) and the second virial coefficient (A₂) of five samples of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) by light scattering (LS) in concentrated sulphuric acid. Account has been taken of the sulphonation of the polymer. Correlations between LS-molecular weights, melt viscosities and intrinsic viscosities in sulphuric acid or in a $\text{50}\text{50}$ phenol-trichlorobenzene mixture have been established. Gel permeation chromatography (g.p.c.) analyses at 115°C have been performed in this latter solvent and two calibration methods were compared.     

LDPE／SiO2复合膜性能的研究

以LDPE／EVA（质量比为90／10）为基材,添加SiO2制备了LDPE／SiO2复合膜,对该复合膜进行了力学性能,透气、透湿性能和结晶性能的测试．结果表明：添加SiO2后,LDPE／SiO2复合体系的力学性能有所下降;O2和CO2气体透过系数先增加后下降;水蒸气透过系数先增加后趋缓;LDPE复合体系的成核速率和结晶速率增加,结晶温度略有提高．形成的球晶尺寸变小,数量增多．     

热定型工艺对斜纹涤纶机织滤布透气性能的影响

通过改变热定型温度、时间等工艺条件测试了织物热定型前后的透气性的变化,探讨了热定型工艺参数对涤纶机织滤布透气性的影响规律;采用二次回归正交设计得出斜纹涤纶机织滤布透气性与定型工艺的非线性关系,建立了热定型工艺与织物透气性影响规律的二次回归非线性经验方程.在定型温度为212℃、定型时间为143 s时涤纶机织滤布的透气量达...     

Novel fixed‐carrier membranes for CO2 separation

A new membrane material having two kinds of CO₂ carriers was obtained. Composite membranes were prepared with the material and support membranes. The facilitated transport of CO₂ through these membranes was performed with pure CH₄ and CO₂ as well as CH₄/CO₂ mixtures containing 50 vol % CO₂. The results show that the membranes possess better CO₂ permeance than that of other fixed carrier membranes reported in the literature. In the measurements with pure gases, at 26°C, 0.013 atm of CO₂ pressure, the membrane with polysulfone support displays a CO₂ permeance of 7.93 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivity of 212.1. In the measurements with mixed gases, at 26°C, 0.016 atm of CO₂ partial pressure, the membrane displays a CO₂ permeance of 1.69 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 48.1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2222–2226, 2002     

丙烯膜法脱水工艺技术的研究分析

传统的丙烯脱水工艺存在能耗高、丙烯浪费大、再生氦器气用量大等缺点。蒸汽渗透技术具有能耗低、过程简单、分离因子高、操作灵活等优点，而且它的渗透通量较低，这使得它特别适用于微量可凝组分的分离。本研究以脱除丙烯中微量水分为目的，以聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖为复合膜活性层，聚砜中空纤维膜为支撑层，制备出多种中空纤维复合膜。考察制膜条件及实验操作条件对膜性能的影响。