有机硅消泡剂的应用

阐述了消泡剂的作用机理 ,综述了几种主要的有机硅消泡剂体系的性能及其应用     

凝胶色谱法表征我国几种有代表性超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线

本文考察了凝胶色谱法的操作压力和进料流速的影响。对国内具有代表性的几种平板超滤膜(聚砜、聚砜酰胺、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯)以及聚砜中空纤维超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线进行了测定。并给出它们的切割分子量数据。     

Change in the molecular weight distribution of poly(ethylene oxide) caused by the complexation with poly(acrylic acid)

The complexation between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was made by using double the molar quantity of either polymer component at pH 2 where the resulting complex completely precipitates. After the removal of the precipitate, PEO or PAA remaining in the supernatant was subjected to gel permeation chromatography to investigate the change in the molecular weight distribution (MWD) caused by the complexation. No remarkable difference is observed in the MWD curves for PEO[1] (M_w=1.37 × 10⁴) before and after the complexation with PAA[1] (M_w=1.10 × 10³) and PAA[2] (M_w=4.16 × 10⁵). However, the MWD curves of PEO[2] (M_w=1.26 × 10⁵) and PAA[2] become shortened and shift to the low molecular weight side after the complexation with PAA[1] or [2] and PEO[2], respectively. This tendency is enhanced by increasing the complexation temperature. From these results, it is indicated that the complexation between PEO and PAA deals with an equilibrium reaction, and the equilibrium constant is dependent on the chain length of both polymer components and also on the complexation temperature.     

Gel chromatographic investigation of p-benzoquinone and styrene products copolymerized in the presence of BF3·OEt2

The molecular weight distribution of copolymers of p-benzoquinone and styrene was studied by g.p.c.. It was shown that the products synthesized have low molecular weights and narrow MWD. p-Benzoquinone was found to be a copolymer macromolecule regulator.     

Promotion of hydrogen permeation on metal-dispersed alumina membranes and its application to a membrane reactor for methane steam reforming

A mesoporous membrane for selective separation of hydrogen was prepared usingthe sol-gel method. Some metal salts such as RuCl₃, Pd(NH₃)₄Cl₂, RhCl₃,, and H ₂PtCl₆, were added to the boehmite sol and coated on a porous alumina substrate before firing at 500°C. It was foundthat the permeability of hydrogen and the separation factor for a hydrogen-nitrogen gaseous mixture of these metaldispersed membranes exceeded the limitations of the Knudsen diffusion mechanism. Although the gas permeation through a neat alumina membrane is governed by the Knudsen diffusion, the metals dispersed in alumina membranes were effective in promoting hydrogen permeation. These metaldispersed alumina membranes were also used in a membrane reactor for methane steam reforming at low temperature. In the temperature range of 300 to 500°C, the membrane reactor attained a methane conversion twice as high as the equilibrium value of the packed bed catalytic reactor system as a result of the selective removal of hydrogen from the reaction system.     

用二元固溶体取代多元固溶体制取硬质合金的研究

固溶体是生产钛钨钴硬质含金的一种重要原料，其质量对硬质含金的性能影响极大。为此，本文作者对TiC－WC复式磁化物的成分、亚结构与性能进行了大量的研究并进行了用二元固溶体（TiC－WC）取代多元固溶体制取YS30和YM052硬质合金的研究。通过对固溶体添加方式、氢气中碳化的固溶体（TiC：WC＝50：50）与真空中脱气处理后的固溶体对比试验、不同的脱错和烧结工艺条件试验以及切削试验，证明用二元固溶体取代多元固溶体是可行的．用其制取的YS30和YM052硬质合金的性能和使用效果已达到或超过了原工艺生产的YS30和YM052合金的性能和使用效果。     

SDC-SCFZ dual-phase ceramics: Structure,electrical conductivity,thermal expansion,and O2 permeability

New CO₂-resistant dual-phase Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.925–SrCo_0.4Fe_0.55Zr_0.05O_3-δ (SDC-SCFZ) ceramics present a promising outlook for potential future applications in membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells. Their high oxygen permeation flux and stability in CO₂ sweep gas also allow their integration in oxyfuel combustion. Here the structural characteristics, electrical conductivities, thermal expansion behaviors, and oxygen permeabilities of four different SDC-SCFZ membranes with weight ratios of 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (SDC:SCFZ) are systematically studied. Among these four SDC-SCFZ compositions, 0.6 mm-thick 25 wt% SDC-75 wt% SCFZ displayed the highest oxygen permeation fluxes that reach 1.26 mL min⁻¹ cm⁻² at 950°C and retained its phase integrity under alternating He and CO₂ sweep gas over 72 hours of operation. This composite also showed a moderate thermal expansion coefficient of 1.90 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ between 30°C and 1000°C and an electrical conductivity of at least 16 S cm⁻¹ at 550°C and above. Modeling studies revealed that the oxygen permeation fluxes through 25SDC-75SCFZ are limited by surface exchange reactions from 700°C to 800°C and mixed bulk diffusion and surface exchange reactions above 800°C.     

Hydrogen entry into steel during atmospheric corrosion process

Hydrogen entry and permeation into iron were measured by an electrochemical method during atmospheric corrosion reaction. The hydrogen permeation was enhanced on passive films because the hydrogen adsorption increased by the hydrogen evolution mechanism which is different from that on a bear iron surface. The permeation rate during a wet and dry corrosion cycle showed a maximum in the drying process depending upon the surface pH and the corrosion potential. The pollutant such as Na₂SO₃ which decreases the pH and the corrosion potential causes an increase in the permeation rate. The mechanism of the change in the permeation rate during the wet and dry cycles is explained by the polarization diagram of the electrode covered by thin water layer.     

Formation and growth model of B-Al permeation layer of Steel 45

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MECHANISM OF Re-B-V CO-PERMEATION

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