一种水清洁阳极的基于甲醇渗透的浓度传感器

提出一种基于膜电极(MEA)结构的驱动模式甲醇浓度传感器。甲醇溶液从MEA阴极流过,通过MEA渗透到阳极,Nafion膜既是电解质膜又是甲醇渗透膜。由于引入水清洁阳极,有效避免了甲醇的累积,提高了该传感器稳定性和重现性。该传感器测量范围最大可以达到5 mol/L,适合于直接甲醇燃烧电池(DMFC)系统中甲醇的监测。     

预处理剂对陶瓷膜表面性质及渗透通量的影响

考察了不同预处理剂对陶瓷膜表面性质及渗透通量的影响,结果表明:表面活性剂的加入,使陶瓷膜表面的负电性以及亲水性得到提高,膜渗透通量从100L/(m2·h)提高到200L/(m2·h);碱式氯化铝中Al3+在膜表面的吸附,导致膜表面呈现正电位,相应的膜渗透通量只有50L/(m2·h);吸附剂对渗透通量的影响主要体现其在乳化废水中表面电位的不同,呈负电性的二氧化硅有利于渗透通量的提高,而呈正电性的氧化铝会导致膜通量的下降.     

管线钢氢致断裂门槛应力与氢渗透的相关性

用电化学和恒载荷拉伸试验方法，测定了不同充氢电流下氢在X80管线钢中的扩散系数、试样中可扩散氢浓度以及管线钢氢致断裂门槛应力。结果表明，X80管线钢在0．5mol／LH2SO4 0．25g／LAs2O3溶液中充氢时，试样中可扩散氢浓度(C0)与充氢电流的方根（√i)呈线性关系；恒载荷下氢致断裂门槛应力(σHIC)随氢浓度的对数(1nC0)而线性下降。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous ZrO2 Membranes for Gas Permeation at 200°C

The development of gas separation membranes able to work at high temperatures require robust and thin ceramic layers. In this work, zirconia membranes have been prepared by the sol-gel method, following the colloidal sol route. The microporosity and crystallinity of the ZrO₂ material was tested by N₂ adsorption and XRD. The derived active zirconia layers were defect-free as seen by SEM. The optimum firing temperature range was set in the range 400–500°C. He, H₂, CO₂, N₂ gas permeation was conducted at temperatures up to 200°C. High permeances were obtained and the microporosity of the zirconia layer was confirmed.     

In Vivo Skin Permeation of Sodium Naproxen Formulated in Pluronic F-127 Gels: Effect of Azone® and Transcutol®

The objective of this study was to determine the penetration of sodium naproxen, formulated in Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) gels containing Azone® and Transcutol® as penetration enhancers, through human skin in vivo. It was found that the combination of Azone® and Transcutol® in PF-127 gels enhanced sodium naproxen penetration, with enhancement ratios of up to two fold compared with the formulation containing only Transcutol®. These results were confirmed by TEWL and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, suggesting a synergic action for Azone® and Transcutol®. Because of the thermo-reversible behavior of Pluronic gels, the influence of the components added to the gel formulations on viscosity, as a function of temperature, was also studied.     

天然气重整制氢新技术的研究进展

介绍了天然气重整制氢新技术,包括选择性透氢膜,选择性透氧膜,化学循环以及CO2吸收的研究进展,介绍了4种新技术应用于制氢装置中的概念设计,并比较了4种技术的优缺点。     

Hydrogen detection in metals: a review and introduction of a Kelvin probe approach

Abstract

Hydrogen in materials is an important topic for many research fields in materials science. Hence in the past quite a number of different techniques for determining the amount of hydrogen in materials and for measuring hydrogen permeation through them have been developed. Some of these methods have found widespread application. But for many problems the achievable sensitivity is usually not high enough and ready-to-use techniques providing also good spatial resolution, especially in the submicron range, are very limited, and mostly not suitable for widespread application. In this work this situation will be briefly reviewed and a novel scanning probe technique based method introduced.     

Prediction of the diffusion coefficients in multicomponent liquid refrigerant solutions

Immersion chilling and freezing (ICF) consist of soaking foods in a low freezing point liquid medium maintained at a low temperature that are considered secondary refrigerants. Data related to transport properties for the refrigerating media used in ICF processes are scarce, particularly for ternary and higher order systems. The objective of this work was to develop a model for the prediction of diffusion coefficients for systems of interest for ICF processes. The generalized Maxwell-Stefan equations were used in the model development. Data obtained from literature corresponding to Fick diffusion coefficients of the binary systems NaCl-H₂O and KCl-H₂O, and the ternary system NaCl-KCl-H₂O, were compared with predicted values. Results were satisfactory, errors of the main diffusion coefficients less than 13.5% being obtained. These results may be extended to the typical range of conditions of ICF, where no data are available in literature to date.     

Role of humic acid on oral drug delivery of an antiepileptic drug

Context: Humic acid (HA) is omnipresent in natural organic matter that is a macromolecular, negatively charged polyelectrolyte that contains a hydrophobic core. It is also present in a significant amount in Shilajit (used frequently in traditional medicines), which is used in this study as a source of extraction. HA is evaluated for the oral drug delivery of carbamazepine (CBZ). Objective: HA is used in this study to increase the dissolution, intestinal permeation, and pharmacodynamic response of CBZ (bio pharmaceutics classification system (BCS) II) by the technique of complexation and other related mechanism reported with humic substances. Methods: Different complexation techniques were explored in this study for the entrapment of CBZ, which was authenticated by molecular modeling and conformational analysis. These were further characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Solubility analysis and dissolution release profile were carried out to access the in vitro parameters. For ex vivo studies, rat gut intestinal permeability was done. And finally pharmacodynamic evaluation (maximal electroshock method) was carried out for optimized complexes. Results: Molecular modeling approach and instrumental analysis (DSC, XRD, and FT-IR) confirmed the entrapment of CBZ inside the complexing agent. Increased solubility (～1742%), sustained release (～78%), better permeability (～3.5 times), and enhanced pharmacodynamic responses conferred the best to 1:2 freeze dried (FD) and then 1:2 kneading (KD) complexes compared with pure CBZ. Conclusion: Now it could be concluded that HA may be tried as a complexing agent for antiepileptic drug and other classes of low water-soluble drug.     

Effect of microstructure inhomogeneity on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of X80 welding HAZ under pressurized gaseous hydrogen

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-grade pipeline welded joint is a threat to hydrogen gas transport. In this research, slow strain rate tension (SSRT) tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas, combined with hydrogen permeation tests and microstructure analysis were conducted on X80 steel, intercritical heated-affected zone (ICHAZ), fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). The change of HE susceptibility from high to low was CGHAZ, FGHAZ, ICHAZ, and base metal. Microstructure was the important factor influencing hydrogen permeation and susceptibility to HE. Susceptibility to HE was increased in the order of “fine-grained massive ferrite (MF) and acicular ferrite (AF)”, “fine-grained granular bainite (GB) and MF”, “coarse-grained GB and bainite ferrite (BF) embedded with martensite-austenite (M-A) constitute”. The fine-grained MF and AF in base metal with lower hydrogen diffusivity can impede the embrittlement behaviour, while the coarse-grained GB and BF with higher hydrogen diffusivity in CGHAZ increased its susceptibility to HE.