碳基陶瓷隔热瓦表面高发射耐烧蚀抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

本实验采用大气等离子喷涂技术在碳基陶瓷隔热瓦ZrB2-SiC-玻璃内涂层表面制备镍铬尖晶石高发射涂层以提高其抗氧化耐烧蚀性能。利用XRD和SEM对粉体和涂层的相结构和微观形貌进行分析,采用氧-乙炔火焰对涂层进行烧蚀试验。结果表明,在Cr2O3:NiO摩尔比为1:1.2,1200℃固相反应2h后,可以得到物相较纯的NiCr2O4尖晶石粉体;Cr2O3:NiO摩尔比不变,掺入质量分数15%TiO2、25%MnO2,1200℃固相反应2h可以得到复杂的混合尖晶石粉体。纯NiCr2O4涂层及掺杂NiCr2O4涂层的发射率在1~22μm波段分别达到0.955和0.954。喷涂后纯NiCr2O4发生了轻微的分解,发射率有所降低,而掺杂NiCr2O4相结构稳定,不易分解,发射率稳定。氧-乙炔火焰烧蚀考核结果表明,当火焰温度高于2000℃时,掺杂NiCr2O4涂层表面温度比纯NiCr2O4涂层降低了240℃,其红外辐射性能优于纯NiCr2O4涂层。掺杂NiCr2O4涂层能耐受大于2000℃/300 s烧蚀考核,具有良好的高发射耐烧蚀性能。     

Ni-Cr/Ti/瓷界面反应机制

采用磁控溅射技术,在Ni-Cr合金表面溅射一层Ti薄膜作为中间层,研究了Ni-Cr/Ti/瓷界面组织结构,产物种类、分布及反应机制。结果表明:Ni-Cr/Ti/瓷界面反应复杂,界面处形成的新物相有Ti2Ni,AlTi3,TiO2,SnCr0.14OX,NiCr2O4和Cr2O3。高温烤瓷过程中,Ti与Ni以稳定的化合物Ti2Ni形式结合,同时Ti与陶瓷中Al2O3反应生成AlTi3化合物,与SnO2和SiO2发生置换反应生成TiO2,TiO2与陶瓷中氧化物结合,更好的实现了Ni-Cr合金与陶瓷的连接。     

2830/140V油套管钢的电偶腐蚀行为

为研究140V碳钢和2830镍铬合金钢之间的电偶腐蚀行为,通过模拟150 ℃、H2S分压1.5 MPa、CO2分压4.5 MPa、Cl-浓度90 000 mg/L的地层水井下环境,采用浸泡腐蚀模拟试验,并利用 XRD 结合 SEM、EDS 观察分析腐蚀产物膜特征,研究了2830镍铬合金钢与140V碳钢在模拟地层水环境中偶接前后的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟地层水腐蚀环境下,2830镍铬合金钢与140V碳钢偶接后,发生了明显的电偶腐蚀,其中碳钢140V作为偶对体系的阳极,平均腐蚀速率明显增长,而镍铬合金钢2830作为阴极,平均腐蚀速率有所减缓。XRD检测结果表明,2830钢试样表面生成主要是内部基体的Fe-Ni固溶体、Cr-Ni固溶体、Fe及Ni的腐蚀产物膜,140V钢试样表面则主要是FeS、FeS2、FeCO3及Fe3O4的腐蚀产物膜。电偶腐蚀评价研究表明镍铬合金钢+碳钢组合电偶腐蚀较严重,在油套管应用中应避免直接接触使用。     

Hot-corrosion mechanism of Ni-Cr coatings at 650°C under different simulated corrosion conditions

The oxidation and lower temperature hot corrosion (LTHC) processes occurring on the surface of Ni-Cr coatings produced by high velocity arc spray (HVAS) were studied. Several different conditions were studied under simulated boiler conditions at 650°C. The protection effect of an Al coating deposited by HVAS onto the Ni-Cr coating was also investigated. Microscope, X-ray diffraction and corrosion rate curves have been used to analyze corrosion mechanisms. The experimental results show that: 1) The oxidation rates are almost superposed in both air (no SO₃) and in simulated coal-fired gas (containing SO₃) as long as no salt was present on the surface. These rate curves show a logarithmic relationship. 2) When the surface is coated with salt (75%K₂SO₃ + 25%Na₂SO₃) the rate curve for LTHC of the Ni-Cr coated surface shows a parabolic shape in the simulated coal-fire flue gas. In air only the oxidation reaction takes place, the second type of LTHC was not seen. And 3) the Al over coating on the Ni-Cr enhances resistance to LTHC because an inter-metallic compound, Al₃Ni₂, forms at the Al/Ni-Cr interface and because of the increase in coating thickness.     

Identification of diffusing species and the dynamic nature of diffusion paths during oxidation of a dilute Ni-Cr alloy

The results of an investigation of oxidation of a Ni-1 at.% Cr alloy are presented. Photolithographic marker experiments revealed that the markers were found to reside at the interface between a predominantly columnar outer NiO layer and a very fine grain inner layer of NiO, indicating that substantial oxygen ingress had occurred through the columnar scale. New oxide growth at the metal-oxide interface requires the oxidant to be transported across the oxide layer. Since the measured diffusion rate of oxygen ions along grain boundaries and through the lattice is much too slow to account for the observed microstructural growth (1: 1 ratio of inner and outer layers), it is necessary to postulate that the oxidant traverses the scale along some type of short-circuit path other than grain boundaries. Extensive formation of elongated pores and pipelike channels was observed along columnar oxide grain boundaries. Thus, it appears that the transport of oxygen occurs via voids (pores) formed by vacancy coalescence at the columnar grain boundaries. These pores appear to open and close continuously. Formation of new fine-grained oxide in these pores was observed to have sometimes completely resealed the void, suggesting a dynamic nature of the voids.     

Q235钢表面Ni-Cr电镀层的组织及性能

为提高Q235钢的表面防护性能,对其进行表面电镀Ni-Cr处理,并采用正交试验对电镀Ni-Cr工艺进行优化。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(OM)分别对镀层进行物相表征和形貌观察,利用显微硬度计、磨粒磨损机和电化学工作站对镀层硬度和耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:以镀层沉积速率为指标,正交试验所得电镀Ni-Cr优化工艺为柠檬酸钠含量30 g/L,镀液pH值3.0,电流密度20 A/dm~2,电镀温度35℃,镀层沉积速率可达40.17μm/h;Ni-Cr镀层相结构由γ-Ni和Cr_(1.22)Ni_(2.88)组成;镀层表面平整,表面形貌为密集球形颗粒;与基体相比,正交试验所得Ni-Cr镀层硬度提高了81.62~649.08 HV_(2N),磨损率减少了9.14~29.99mg/cm~2,自腐蚀电位提高了2.05~121.28 mV。     

Ni－13Cr－0．5Ce合金在575℃ Cl_2－H_2O混合气氛中的腐蚀行为

Ｎｉ－１３Ｃｒ－０．５Ｃｅ合金在５７５℃Ｃｌ_２－Ｈ_２Ｏ混合气氛中的腐蚀行为涂江平，李志章，毛志远（浙江大学杭州３１００２７）１引言关于合金在干氯气或含氯的氯化气氛中的腐蚀行为已有报导［１～３］，而在实际生产中，液氯经雾化后往往存在少量水份，使腐蚀环...     

Effect of Feedstock Size and its Distribution on the Properties of Detonation Sprayed Coatings

The detonation spraying is one of the most promising thermal spray variants for depositing wear and corrosion resistant coatings. The ceramic (Al₂O₃), metallic (Ni-20 wt%Cr) , and cermets (WC-12 wt%Co) powders that are commercially available were separated into coarser and finer size ranges with relatively narrow size distribution by employing centrifugal air classifier. The coatings were deposited using detonation spray technique. The effect of particle size and its distribution on the coating properties were examined. The surface roughness and porosity increased with increasing powder particle size for all the coatings consistently. The feedstock size was also found to influence the phase composition of Al₂O₃ and WC-Co coatings; however does not influence the phase composition of Ni-Cr coatings. The associated phase change and %porosity of the coatings imparted considerable variation in the coating hardness, fracture toughness, and wear properties. The fine and narrow size range WC-Co coating exhibited superior wear resistance. The coarse and narrow size distribution Al₂O₃ coating exhibited better performance under abrasion and sliding wear modes however under erosion wear mode the as-received Al₂O₃ coating exhibited better performance. In the case of metallic (Ni-Cr) coatings, the coatings deposited using coarser powder exhibited marginally lower-wear rate under abrasion and sliding wear modes. However, under erosion wear mode, the coating deposited using finer particle size exhibited considerably lower-wear rate.     

Enhancement of Service Life of Steam Generating Tubes in Oil-Fired Boiler for Power Generation Employing Plasma Spray Technology

The effects of Ni-50 mass% Cr alloy coating, that is plasma-sprayed onto the fire-side of steam generating tubes in a heavy oil-fired boiler, on the high temperature corrosion resistance were examined. One of the severe environments in the industrial manufacturing facilities, where thermal sprayed coatings are employed, is the high temperature corrosion such as the oxidation, sulfidation, and low melting fuel ash corrosion in the fire-side of boiler tubes. In the fossil fuel-fired steam generating boiler facilities, the degradation or failure of steam generating tubes that were derived from the contaminants in a lower grade fuel have often occurred. The situation of degradation of the water evaporator and superheater tubes and corrosion-preventing effects of plasma sprayed coating are described. The enhanced effects of plasma sprayed Ni-50 mass% Cr alloy coating for the suppression of hot corrosion failure of the steam generating tubes of boiler are summarized.