Electroless copper plating using Fe as a reducing agent

Although the electroless plating method is known to be an effective method for obtaining fine wiring in particular, 1 mol hydrogen gas is generated during 1 mol Cu deposition, and voids are generated in the wiring when electroless Cu plating is applied to fine wiring. To avoid the hydrogen evolution, the possibility of performing electroless Cu plating was confirmed using an inexpensive Fe^II compound as a reducing agent. The bath contains CuSO₄, FeSO₄, NaCl, ethylenediamine, sodium citrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 2,2′-bipyridine. Under optimal conditions, over 1.7 μm of copper deposit with a smooth surface was obtained after 3 h of plating, which did not contain iron as an impurity. The electrical resistivity of the copper film is about 3-4 μΩ cm corresponding to that of electroplated copper films.     

连续高速电镀技术在集成电路引线框架生产中的应用

介绍了集成电路引线框架镀层特点及其卷对卷式连续高速局部电镀银技术。分析了高速镀银工艺条件，并与传统氰化物镀银工艺进行了比较。简单介绍了局部电镀技术的原理及方法。     

在复合镀层表面上实现滴状冷凝传热的研究

研究了采用Ｎｉ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层表面实现水蒸气滴状冷凝的新方法。在对Ｎｉ－ＰＴＦＥ复合电镀工艺研究的基础上，进行了水蒸气在无镀层的黄铜板表面和有复合镀层表面的冷凝传热的对比实验。实验结果表明，在Ｎｉ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层表面上可实现水蒸气的滴状冷凝，有着显著的强化冷凝换热效果。     

F-PbO2/SPE复合膜电极的制备及优化

在Nafion324膜上用化学镀的方法制备PbO2/SPE复合膜电极,在镀液中添加适量的NaF,可以起到络合剂的作用,使镀层更加均匀并提高镀层的致密性.本文探讨了化学镀PbO2时镀液中添加NaF制备F-PbO2/SPE复合膜电极的方法,研究了制备膜电极的溶胀条件及NaF对PbO2沉积的影响,对制得的电极进行性能测试,并用XRD、SEM对电极进行了表征,得到了电极制备的最优化条件.     

铈对镀锡引线可焊性的影响

探讨了稀土元素铈对电子元器件引线镀锡层可焊性的影响。结果表明,在氟硼酸盐镀锡溶液中加入适量的铈能提高镀液的稳定性,镀层的抗氧化性和可焊性,并可获得更为光亮的镀层。     

温度对浸镀锡镀层的影响

在基于氯化胆碱-水溶液(ChCl-H2O)的浸镀锡溶液中,以铜片为基材,在不同温度下进行浸镀锡研究.分别利用X-荧光光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、可焊性测试仪和电化学工作站,考察了浸镀锡速率、形貌、物相和性能受温度的影响程度.结果表明,随着温度的升高,浸镀锡的沉积速率不断加快,浸镀锡镀层的耐蚀性和可焊性均有提高;镀层表面在较低温度时光亮平整,但随温度上升,变得越来越粗糙;在70℃时,锡镀层的晶相组成由Sn和Cu6 Sn5两相共存转变Sn、Cu6Sms和Cu3 Sn三相共存.在ChCl-H2O体系中,铜基浸镀锡的反应活化能Ea为24.6 kJ·mol-1.     

半芳香族耐高温尼龙PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料制备及性能

采用半芳香族耐高温尼龙聚对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸己二胺(PA6T/6I)为树脂基体,铜铬氧化物为激光镭射助剂,制备了PA6T/6I基的激光直接成型(LDS)功能材料。采用扫描电子显微镜对激光镭射助剂分散状态及LDS功能材料模塑器件的表面形貌能进行了表征,使用热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪对LDS功能材料的热失重行为、熔融结晶性能进行了表征,研究了激光镭射助剂添加量对LDS功能材料的力学性能、热稳定性、化学镀性能的影响,同时研究了PA6T/6I熔融结晶性能和注塑模具温度对于模塑器件表面、外观的影响。结果表明,偶联剂的添加有利于改善激光镭射助剂在PA6T/6I树脂基体中的分散,其中环氧类的偶联剂KBM–403处理后的LDS镭射助剂分散效果最佳。激光镭射助剂添加量的增加,会造成LDS功能材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及初始分解温度降低。激光镭射助剂添加量在8%时,预镀铜上镀时间和镀层覆盖时间最短,化学镀效果最佳。当注塑模具温度为175℃时,玻纤增强PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料模塑器件的外观最佳。     

铝质基体上Ti(C,N)/TiN多元多层膜工艺参数研究

首先在大范围内调节负偏压和基体温度两个参数，实现在铝质材料基体上沉积与基体结合良好的TiN膜，在此基础上通过调节N2、C2H2工作气氛流量比及Ti(C，N)、TiN膜层的层数，沉积了3类不同的膜，并对其力学与摩擦学性能进行了考察。结果表明：在(N2 C2H2)总流量一定的情况下，C2H2流量增大，则使Ti(C，N)膜层中含C量增多，膜层硬度提高，但韧性变差，表面变粗糙；在总厚基本不变的情况下，层数增多，单层变薄，使膜材晶粒细化，硬度提高，韧性变好。在3类膜中，1#膜C2H2流量适当且膜层数最多(6层)，其摩擦学性能表现最好，临界荷载为76N，显徼硬度为1911HV0.1，与基体相比，耐磨性提高了10倍多。     

Electroless coating of Permalloy powder and DC-resistivity of alloy composites

A high-resistivity coating of Permalloy (Ni–17.81Fe–1.97Mo wt.%) powders for soft magnetic composites, SMC, was developed and characterized. The coating was made using the electroless plating method employing an aqueous solution of sodium and nickel phosphates. The chemical process led to the formation of a layer up to 1 μm thick deposited on each particle surface and composed of a mixture of Ni(OH)₂, P₂O₅ and NaPO₃ compounds, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction studies. The effect of coating on electrical DC resistivity was evaluated on SMC obtained mixing the metal, coated or uncoated, and thermoplastic polymer PEEK (polyetheretherketone) powders, pressing the mixture at 800 MPa and heating in air up to melting the polymer (380–410 °C). The SMC made with coated powders showed an increase in resistivity of more than two orders of magnitude compared to that obtained with uncoated powders when the polymer ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 wt.%. This difference prevails in comparison with sintered materials processed at the same pressure and sintering in hydrogen at 1350 °C. Thus, this process would restrict the eddy currents which affect the performance of soft magnetic products for AC applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline ZrNxOy thin films on Si by ion plating

Based on the optimum deposition conditions of ZrN thin film from our previous study, by varying oxygen flow rate ranging from 0 to 8 sccm, nanocrystalline ZrN_xO_y thin films were deposited on p-type (100) Si substrates using hollow cathode discharge ion-plating (HCD-IP) system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen content on the composition, structure and properties of the ZrN_xO_y thin films. The oxygen content of the thin film, determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), increased with increasing oxygen flow rate. As the oxygen content increased, the color of the ZrN_xO_y thin film changed from golden yellow to blue and then slate blue, and the microstructure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) varied from columnar structure to finer grains and finally flat and featureless structure. Phase separation of ZrN_xO_y to ZrN and monoclinic ZrO₂ was found from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns when the oxygen content was higher than 9.7 at.%. The hardness of the film slightly increased as the oxygen content was less than 9.7% and then decreased to 15.7 GPa, a typical hardness of ZrO₂ phase, as the oxygen content further increased. The total residual stress of the film was measured using an optical method, and the residual stresses of ZrN and ZrO₂ phases were determined separately using modified XRD sin²ψ method. The total stress was close to the stress in ZrN phase as the ZrO₂ fraction was less than 30%, and was close to that in ZrO₂ phase as the ZrO₂ fraction was over 30%. The electrical resistivity of the film increased significantly with the increase of oxygen content. The film properties showed consistent trend with phase separation. As the fraction of ZrO₂ phase was small, the apparent properties of the films were more close to those in ZrN. When ZrO₂ fraction was over 30%, the films mainly exhibited the properties of ZrO₂.