镍基高温合金真空感应熔炼脱氧

研究了使用CaO坩埚真空感应熔炼Ni-6Cr-2MO-6W-5Co合金时C与Al的脱氧作用.从热力学上计算了Al-O反应的平衡值,计算结果表明,Al-O反应在1773 K能使氧的质量分数降至6×10-6以下.计算了Ni-Al-C-O平衡,结果表明,C与Al2O3的反应在真空感应熔炼条件下可以进行,从而导致合金液精炼期C含量下降值大于脱氧所需值.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of dislocation nucleation and motion at γ/γ′ interface in Ni-based superalloy

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted on the dislocation behavior at the apices and edges of cuboidal Ni₃Al precipitate in a pure Ni matrix, or the idealized γ/γ′ microstructure in a Ni-based superalloy. A tensile simulation of the [001] direction is implemented with a periodic cell that has eight cubic precipitates in order to investigate the nucleation site of dislocation in the idealized microstructure with no defects other than the γ/γ′ interfaces. The effect of residual internal stresses on the stability of the interfaces is also discussed. Other simulations are conducted on the behavior of edge dislocations nucleated from a free surface and proceeding in the γ matrix toward γ′ precipitates under shear force. Dislocation pinning at γ′ precipitates, bowing-out in the γ channel, pile-up and nucleation of superdislocation in the γ′ precipitate are simulated and inspected in detail. Discussions on the size of the γ/γ′ microstructure and the sharpness of the edge of the γ′ precipitate are also presented.     

无钴Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷的热疲劳行为

采用热疲劳龟裂网纹模拟法，定性地研究了无钴Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷与３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢的热疲劳行为差异。结果表明，在相同周次的热循环下，前者热疲劳裂纹呈粗大交叉的直线，起源于试样棱边的尖角处，并以较快的速度进入失稳扩展；后者形成细小典型的龟裂网纹，扩展缓慢，显示出热疲劳抗力高于前者。     

SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的研究现状

金属陶瓷功能梯度材料是一种新型耐高温、耐腐蚀的复合材料,其应用前景十分广阔。对自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的种类、特点、应用背景以及制备工艺进行了详细论述,总结并分析了影响SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的因素,归纳出了SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的技术难点,最后对现阶段SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料所存在的问题以及发展前景做了简要的分析。     

粉末结构对HVOF金属陶瓷涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用3种不同NiCr粘结相含量和两种不同尺度WC颗粒的金属陶瓷粉末,运用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）方法制备了Cr3 C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层,在5%H2 SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下,运用腐蚀冲蚀磨损试验机测定了涂层在45°冲蚀角下的失重量变化规律,研究了喷涂粉末NiCr含量和WC颗粒尺度对所沉积金属陶瓷涂层耐腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明,HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr、WC-12%Co涂层在5%H2SO4、15%棕刚玉和水混合介质条件下的腐蚀冲蚀率均低于低碳钢,并且Cr3 C2-NiCr涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能要优于WC-12%Co涂层。Cr3 C2-40%NiCr和Cr3 C2-25%NiCr涂层其腐蚀冲蚀率低于Cr3 C2-10%NiCr涂层,与纳米尺度WC颗粒相比,微米尺度WC颗粒所制备的WC-12%Co涂层的抗腐蚀冲蚀性能较好。     

超音速火焰喷涂NiCr金属陶瓷涂层的高温硫腐蚀性能

超（超）临界机组锅炉管在硫含量较高的烟气环境中常遭受严重的高温硫酸盐及硫化腐蚀,成为锅炉安全的隐患。在2Crl3不锈钢表面利用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）制备了NiCr金属陶瓷涂层（1375VM和TPRI—A）,并用超音速电弧喷涂（SWAS）制备传统45CT涂层以作比较,研究了各涂层在700℃,H2—1％H2s环境中的硫...     

金属陶瓷复合塑料切粒刀的研制及应用

研究了ＴｉＣ－ＮｉＣｒ金属陶瓷在塑料切粒刀上的应用。这种切粒刀结构特点是金属陶瓷刀刃与钢刀体通过高温真空扩散焊复合为一体。结果表明这种金属陶瓷复合切粒刀性能比钢结硬质合金切粒刀更好。     

硬质相粒度对金属陶瓷断裂韧性的影响

用压痕法测定了具有不同粒度硬质相的Ti(C,N)基和WC基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性,结果发现,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性随硬质相粒度的增大而减小,而WC基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性随硬质相粒度的增大而增大。产生上述现象的主要原因与硬质相的晶体结构有关:在室温条件下,面心立方结构的Ti(C,N)晶体中可能存在｛110｝<11 0>和｛111｝<11 0>两个滑移族(含18个独立滑移系);裂纹从一个Ti(C,N)颗粒扩展至另一个Ti(C,N)颗粒时很容易形成取向有利。当Ti(C,N)颗粒较粗时,极易发生穿晶断裂,并且裂纹连续穿晶扩展时亦不会发生显著的偏转或分叉,Ti(C,N)呈现较强的脆性断裂特征。而密排六方结构的WC晶体只有｛101 0｝<112 3>一个滑移族(含4个独立的滑移系);由于取向不利,裂纹难以连续穿晶扩展,且随WC粒度的增大,其对裂纹的偏转和分叉作用增强,从而导致断裂面表面积增大而增韧。     

碳迁移对镍基和奥氏体焊条焊接的Cr5Mo异种钢焊接接头蠕变破断寿命的影响

基于节约费用和施工方便的考虑，工程应用中常采用异种钢焊接。Cr5Mo异种钢焊接接头广泛应用于炼油、石油化工等过程工业中的高温环境。针对镍基和奥氏体焊条焊接的Cr5Mo异种钢焊接接头，通过时效处理和蠕变持久实验，研究了碳迁移对蠕变破断强度与时间的影响。研究表明，奥氏体焊条焊接的Cr5Mo异种钢焊接接头由于碳迁移蠕变破断强度下降，破断寿命减少，约为镍基焊条焊接的Cr5Mo异种钢焊接接头蠕变破断寿命的50％。     

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure of Vacuum Melting Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings

The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45% C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni3B, Cr7C3, Cr23C6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr6.5Ni2.5Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.