沉淀型Ni-La_2O_3/ZrO_2催化剂上CO_2甲烷化性能的研究

采用并流共沉淀法将不同量的稀土氧化物La2O3添加到Ni/ZrO2催化剂中,进行了XRD、TPR分析测试。结果表明,添加一定量的La2O3使催化剂的晶体结构发生变化,产生了新的物种,从而使催化剂表面改性,提高了NiO的分散度,有利于活性中心的形成,并且降低了催化剂的还原温度,当n(La)∶n(Ni)∶n(ZrO2)=0 4∶1∶1时效果最好;考察了反应温度和空速对CO2转化率的影响,在反应温度较低时,由于受到反应动力学的限制,CO2的转化率较低。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气镍基催化剂的研究进展

镍基催化剂是甲烷部分氧化制合成气研究最多、最有前途的催化剂.相对其他催化剂它具有较好的抗积碳性、稳定性且价格低廉.如何提高甲烷在部分氧化反应中的转化率是当前备受关注的重要研究课题.从镍基催化剂的载体、助剂、制备方法等方面的研究进行了综述.     

Reactivity and stability of Ni/Al2O3 oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion (CLC)

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a technology that reduces the carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power stations. A nickel supported on -alumina oxygen carrier is investigated in this study, for use in a CLC process. Oxygen carriers with various nickel loadings on alumina are prepared according to the incipient wetness technique. The reactivity and stability of the prepared oxygen carrier samples, during repeated reduction–oxidation cycles, is demonstrated using temperature programmed reduction and oxidation. Pulse chemisorption results show that the dispersion and active crystallite diameter of the nickel particles remain constant over multiple reduction–oxidation cycles, indicating that no agglomeration occurs up to a nickel loading of 20 wt% supported on alumina. The stability and reactivity of the oxygen carriers, under industrial relevant conditions, are also investigated using the CREC fluidized bed riser simulator. It is observed that a 20 wt% nickel supported on alumina oxygen carrier is stable under industrial relevant fluidized bed reaction conditions, converting 76% of methane to carbon dioxide and water vapor, the combustion products. The metal support interaction is assessed by H₂ temperature programmed desorption, which shows that the metal-support interaction decreases as more nickel is loaded onto the alumina support.     

镍基多功能高温煤气净化剂

选用了一种工业镍基催化剂，它具有同时脱除热煤气中氨，有机硫和煤焦油蒸气的多种净化功能，而且能达到较高的净化效率。     

工艺参数对激光直接烧结成形涂覆层的影响

用激光直接成形工艺对Ni基和Co基合金粉末进行了单道烧结试验，研究了不同工艺参数对成形性和表面质量的影响规律。采用SEM分析了单道涂覆层的组织特征，并以获得致密组织为目标对激光烧结工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明，合金粉末的烧结宽度主要受激光光斑尺寸的影响；烧结成形后得到的涂覆层组织呈现出快速凝固组织的结构特征；激光功率密度和扫描速度对涂覆层微观组织结构有显著影响。     

Effect of metal additives on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in thermocatalytic decomposition of methane

Thermocatalytic decomposition of methane is proposed to be an economical and green method to produce CO_x-free hydrogen and carbon nanomaterial. In present work, 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts with different additives (Cu, Mn, Pd, Co, Zn, Fe, Mg) were prepared by co-impregnation method to investigate promotional effects of these metal additives on the activity and stability of 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ and find out a really effective promoter for decomposition of methane. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction. While metal additives (5 wt%) were added into 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃, the activity stability of 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ was improved and the CH₄ conversion of 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ was also improved except Zn addition. Mn addition was found to improve the catalytic activity of 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ significantly and the CH₄ conversion of 5 wt% Mn-60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ was ∼80%. Cu addition was found to remarkably improve the catalytic stability of 60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ and the CH₄ conversion of 5 wt% Cu-60 wt% Ni/Al₂O₃ decreased from 61% to 45% after 250 min of reaction time. Carbon nanomaterials formed in the thermocatalytic decomposition process were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon deposits consist of amorphous carbon and carbon nanofibers.     

Methods and mechanisms for uniformly refining deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treated Ni-based superalloy by two-stage heat treatment

The uniform refinement mechanisms and methods of deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treatment Ni-based superalloy during two-stage annealing treatment have been investigated.The two-stage heat treatment experiments include an aging annealing treatment(AT)and a subsequent recrystallization annealing treatment(RT).The object of AT is to precipitate some δ phases and consume part of storage energy to inhibit the grain growth during RT,while the RT is to refine mixed and coarse grains by recrystallization.It can be found that the recrystallization grains will quickly grow up to a large size when the AT time is too low or the RT temperature is too high,while the deformed coarse grains cannot be eliminated when the AT time is too long or the RT temperature is too low.In addition,the mixed microstructure composed of some abnormal coarse recrystallization grains(ACRGs)and a large number of fine grains can be observed in the annealed specimen when the AT time is 3 h and RT tem-perature is 980℃.The phenomenon attributes to the uneven distribution of δ phase resulted from the heterogeneous deformation energy when the AT time is too short.In the regions with a large number of δ phases,the recrystallization nucleation rate is promoted and the growth of grains is limited,which results in fine grains.However,in the regions with few δ phases,the recrystallization grains around grain boundaries can easily grow up,and the new recrystallization nucleus is difficult to form inside grain,which leads to ACRGs.Thus,in order to obtain uniform and fine annealed microstructure,it is a prereq-uisite to precipitate even-distributed δ phase by choosing a suitable AT time,such as 12 h.Moreover,a relative high RT temperature is also needed to promote the recrystallization nucleation around δ phase.The optimal annealing parameters range for uniformly refining mixed crystal can be summarized as:900℃×12 h+990℃×(40-60 min)and 900℃×12 h+1000℃×(10-15 min).     

Wet abrasive wear behavior of WC-based cermet coatings prepared by HVOF spraying

In this study, three kinds of WC-based cermet coatings including WC–CoCr coating, WC–Ni coating and WC–Cr₃C₂–Ni coating were prepared by the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and Vickers hardness tester were used to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of these coatings. The WC–CoCr coating presented the highest average microhardness of 1205 HV_0.3, and then followed by the WC–Cr₃C₂–Ni coating (1188 HV_0.3) and the WC–Ni coating (1105 HV_0.3). The abrasive wear behavior of the WC-based coatings under the conditions of different applied loads and sediment concentrations were studied by a wet sand-rubber wheel tester. The results indicated that the abrasive wear loss rates of all the coatings increased with the increment of applied load or sediment concentration. In addition, the coatings with higher microhardness appeared to have higher abrasive wear resistance. The abrasive wear resistance of the WC-based coatings was 4–90 times higher than that of AISI 304 stainless steel under the same testing condition. The abrasive wear mechanism of the WC-based coatings was deduced to be the extrusion and removal of binder phases, as well as the fragmentation and peel-off of hard phases.     

Excellent electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol in alkaline media: Electrodeposition of the NiMoP metallic nano-particles on/in the ERGO layers/CE

Here, the Ni-based metallic nano-particles (Ni, NiMo and NiMoP) were electrodeposited on/in the surface of ERGO/CE substrate from a citrate-based electrolyte and their catalytic activities investigated towards methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation. The physicochemical characterizations of all prepared electrocatalysts were investigated by different electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques. The electrocatalytic activities of the modified electrodes towards the electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol were studied in 0.1 M NaOH solution by conventional electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. In the optimized electrodeposition conditions, the obtained electrochemical results indicate that the NiMoP/ERGO/CE displays dramatically improved electrocatalytic activity [J_pf (mA.cm⁻²) = 263.14 for methanol and J_pf (mA.cm⁻²) = 253.35 for ethanol], stability and poisoning tolerance towards the electro-oxidation of these fuels in alkaline solution. Finally, for comparison, the Ni (alone) and NiMo (binary) electrodeposited on/in the ERGO/CE (without P) and also studying the influence of the ERGO layers on the surface of CE, the NiMoP/CE (without ERGO) were prepared and applied as electrocatalysts.