Intergranular oxidation of silicon in 20Cr-25Ni niobium-stabilized stainless steel at 1140–1230 K

The kinetics of intergranular oxidation of silicon in a 20Cr-25Ni Nb-stabilized stainless steel are reported, at temperatures in the range 1140–1230 K, in CO₂ at 40 bar pressure. The depth of attack increased parabolically with respect to time, with an activation energy of 335±30 kJ/mol. The mechanism of growth is discussed in terms of classical internal-oxidation theories, and an alternative explanation based on an available-space theory is developed. The internal oxidation rates in a number of different alloys are compared with diffusivities of metals in the base alloy. It is proposed that intergranular oxidation in the 20–25 Nb steel is controlled by the rate of outward diffusion of iron or chromium in the alloy.     

Sulfidation behavior of Fe-25Cr-20Ni-1.5Al2O3 in simulated coal combustion/gasification environments

The effect of minor addition of -Al₂O₃ dispersoids on the sulfidation behavior of Fe-25Cr-20Ni was investigated over a range of pO₂, 1.13×10^–20 to 1.18×10 ****^–22 atm. at constant pS₂=1.22×10^–8 atm. Fe-25Cr-20Ni and Fe-25Cr-20Ni 1.5 Al₂O₃ with and without preformed oxide scales were exposed to bioxidant gas mixtures H₂/H₂O/H₂S/Ar at 700° C. Both isothermal and cyclic exposures were included. Scales were characterized by a combination of several surface analytical tools. A remarkable improvement in sulfidation resistance is observed in Fe-25Cr-20Ni-1.5Al₂O₃ under the conditions investigated here. This is attributed to the ability of the alloy to form and maintain a predominantly Cr₂O₃ scale with reduced Fe-diffusion and content. Possible scientific reasons for such improvement are discussed. The base alloy, Fe-25Cr-20Ni, fails to develop and retain such a Cr₂O₃ scale and undergoes sulfidation within a few minutes of exposure. The scale breakdown process by sulfidation is explained qualitatively. Experimental evidence suggests that sulfur in the environment enhances Fe-diffusion and content in the scale.     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金ISM熔炼过程中的成分控制

采用X荧光光谱(XRF)分析水冷铜坩埚真空感应炉熔炼(ISM)加入和不加入稀土Y的Ti-22Al-25Nb合金铸锭成分,分析结果表明,在保证获得成分均匀的合金铸锭的情况下,Al的挥发烧损在28.94%～33.88%之间;加入at为0.5%～1%Y,Y的挥发烧损在w为17.20%～34.26%;采取提高熔化温度降低保温时间的措施可以降低Al的挥发烧损.     

CuCr25触头材料的喷射成形制备及其组织分析

研究了CuCr25合金的快速凝固喷射成形制备工艺，考察了喷射成形过程中各工艺参数对沉积坯件成形性的影响，观察和对比了喷射成形、真空熔铸和真空浸渗3种不同工艺制备的触头材料的显微组织。结果表明：喷射成形制备的材料具有典型的快速凝固组织，合金化状况良好，微观组织均匀，Cr析出相细小并弥散地分布在Cu基体中，Cr颗粒尺寸大约为3～10μm。这将大幅度提高材料的耐电压、抗电击穿等电学性能。     

基于ARM Cortex-M0+KL系列MCU的构件化汇编框架研究

ARM Cortex-M0+是2012年新发布的一款将逐步8位/16位微处理器市场的32位低功耗、高性能处理器,规范的汇编框架与样例是一个新微处理器深层次应用开发的基础。鉴于目前ARM Cortex-M0+的汇编程序资料与样例程序十分匮乏,加之汇编设计的复杂性,在充分分析ARM Cortex-M0+汇编寻址方式与指令系统的基础上,以Freescale半导体公司于2013年正式发布的ARM Cortex-M0+KL系列MCU为蓝本,基于CW10.3开发环境,结合软件构件设计思想,提出构件化ARM Cortex-M0+汇编框架,并编制GPIO汇编构件,给出应用实例。旨在降低读者学习ARM Cortex-M0+汇编程序的难度,完成第一个ARM Cortex-M0+规范化汇编程序。     

A -based optimal finite-word-length controller design

A novel optimal Finite Word Length (FWL) controller design is proposed in the framework of μ theory. A computationally tractable close-loop stability measure with FWL implementation considerations of the controller is derived based on the μ theory, and the optimal FWL controller realizations are obtained by solving the resulting optimal FWL realization problem using linear matrix inequality techniques.     

Invariance properties of RAMS and linear time

An operation on integers isLTTC if it is computable in linear time on a Turing machine (using the dyadic or binary representation of integers). AnLTTC-RAM (respectivelyI-RAM) is a RAM which only uses LTTC operations (respectively operations in the setI).The address-free time complexity measure of a RAM evaluates execution times using the logarithmic cost criterion but assumes that addressing operations are performed for free.     

Circuits constructed with MOD q gates cannot compute “AND” in sublinear size

Algebraic techniques are used to prove that any circuit constructed with MOD _q gates that computes the AND function must use (n) gates at the first level. The best bound previously known to be valid for arbitraryq was (logn).     

Continuous and impulsive vaccination of SEIR epidemic models with saturation incidence rates

In this paper, two delayed SEIR epidemic models with continuous and impulsive vaccination and saturating incidence are investigated. The dynamical behaviors of the disease are analyzed. For continuous vaccination, we obtain a basic reproductive number _R1$R_1$ and prove that if _R1≤1$R_1\le 1$ then the disease-free equilibrium is globally attractive and if _R1>1$R_1>1$ then the disease is permanent by using the Lyapunov functional method. For impulsive vaccination, we obtain two thresholds R^∗$R^{\ast }$ and _R∗$R_{\ast }$ and prove that if R^∗<1$R^{\ast }<1$ then the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive and if _R∗>1$R_{\ast }>1$ then the disease is permanent by using the comparison theorem of impulsive differential equation and the Lyapunov functional method. Lastly, we compared the effects of two vaccination strategies.