Among-site variability in environmental and management characteristics: Effect on nutrient loss in agricultural tile drainage

Water quality issues, including harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs), related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exported from agricultural lands persist in the Great Lakes region. Previous work examining N and P loss from agricultural fields in portions of the United States (US) and Canada (CA) that drain into Lake Erie, consistently indicate significant nutrient loss from fields in Indiana and Ohio, US compared with those in southwestern Ontario, CA. The primary objective of this study was to examine variation in environmental and management characteristics from 30 sites (US: n = 28, CA: n = 2) located within the Lake Erie Basin and subsequently determine the influence of among-site variation on edge-of-field N and P losses. Using principal component analyses (PCA), we found that among-site variation was predominantly controlled by broad-scale patterns in fertilizer management practices and soil properties; however, N and P loss metrics were largely unexplained by these gradients. As such, fine-scale variability and the interaction of environmental and management characteristics at individual sites more strongly influenced N and P loss. Ultimately, these results further emphasize the importance of site- and nutrient-specific management plans that are needed to mitigate N and P losses from agricultural fields.     

红外/热导法检测C-103中氧氮含量

使用LECO ON736氧氮分析仪,采用红外和热导法,对C-103铌铪合金中氧、氮含量进行检测。通过助熔剂处理、坩埚选择、定量下限、分析功率、试样质量、精密度和加标回收实验,建立了C-103中氧、氮含量的检测方法。该方法氧和氮的RSD分别为3.36%和6.86%,加标回收率分别为95.5%~106.0%和92.5%~107.5%,精密度和加标回收实验结果良好,满足分析需要。     

Study on influencing factors of adapters separating with the underwater missile

To analyze main factors affecting the separation reliability between a missile and adapters for the launching process, a six DOF underwater dynamic model for the missile and adapters is utilized to simulate the separation process, considering elastic forces of separating springs, hydrodynamic forces, gravity and buoyancy. Moreover, a criterion based on the maximum separating distance is put forward to determine whether adapters separate with the missile reliably. The results show that the magnitude and position of elastic force, the wedge angle and mass of the adapter significantly affect the separating process. The local sensitivity analysis for the reference status of design parameters demonstrates that the wedge angle of adapters has the maximum influence about 70.4% on the separating distance.     

内框架箱型混凝土结构施工活荷载实测分析

施工期早龄期钢筋混凝土结构与模板支撑系统组成临时承载体系为时变结构,其承担的荷载主要有新浇筑混凝土自重与包括施工人员和设备荷载以及混凝土浇筑时产生的冲击和振捣荷载在内的施工活荷载。将多层连续施工时变结构体系模拟成一组弹性支撑连续板,根据该模型分析了施工期现浇钢筋混凝土结构的受力特性。根据现场实测数据,以构件有效承载面积为统计对象,计算了混凝土施工荷载的统计参量,并参考相关研究成果,以95%的置信度对施工期活荷载标准值进行反演,建议施工活荷载标准值取2.5 kN/m 2。     

非生育期春灌灌水量对土壤盐分变化的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析3个不同滴灌棉田春灌灌水量1350、1800和2250 m3/hm2对盐分变化的影响。试验表明:在相同灌水量下,宽行、窄行和膜间3个不同行距的脱盐效果,宽行最好;3个灌水量下,1800 m3/hm2的灌水量对盐分淋洗效果较好。此结果可为当地春灌提供指导,对制定灌溉制度有一定的借鉴作用。     

天然气管道氮气隔离混气长度研究

基于一维混合模型研究天然气管道投产过程中气体的混合规律,利用Taylor、Taylor-CW、G.R.I 3种不同方法分别计算出气体扩散系数及投产过程中形成的天然气-氮气混气段长度,分析了管道置换过程中影响混气长度的主要因素,包括管长、管径及流速。由Taylor-CW方法计算出的结果与现场数据最为接近,用该方法验证国内3条已投产管道所得的相对误差分别为39.7%、23.4%、22.0%。     

磁力弹簧式压电振动送料器的设计与试验

针对压电送料器随外部载荷变化输送速度不稳定的问题,提出了一种利用磁力弹簧改变传振性能及系统共振原理的新型结构压电振动送料器装置。分析了磁力弹簧式压电振动送料器的工作原理,建立了振动送料器的动力学模型,计算分析得出了影响振动送料器输送性能的主要因素。制作了系统结构样机,利用阻抗分析仪测得系统的共振频率和阻抗特性。设计了振动送料器的试验装置。试验测试分析表明:系统在共振条件下,磁力弹簧轴向间距为2.8 mm时,振幅达到123μm,提高了系统的承受载荷,并且在一定的载荷范围内保证了物料稳定、均匀快速的输送。     

简析新民俗之央视春晚的大众审美心理

中央电视台春节联欢晚会是除夕夜全国人民期待的一道大餐,何以央视春晚在中国人民最重大的节日可以纵横三十年?她掌握了观众的哪些"软肋"让全国的观众沉醉三十依旧?从观众审美心理的传统方面和现代视角出发,探究央视春晚与中华民族传统心理需求的满足、与现代观众审美心理需求的满足的契合度,探求春晚的不衰魅力。     

汽车自动离合器控制系统设计

与手动挡汽车相比,配备自动离合器的汽车具有减轻驾驶员操作强度、增加行驶安全性,并延长离合器使用寿命等优势。文章针对部分车辆自动离合器存在的问题,通过力学分析设计了一种新型的采用弹簧进行助力的自动离合器机构,对控制系统软硬件、离合速度控制策略、发动机控制方法等进行设计以实现离合控制目的。并在实际行驶的汽车上进行试验,以验证机构设计和控制系统设计的可行性和实际效果,证明可实现自动离合器控制系统运行平稳的设计要求。     

中厚板轧机弹跳模型的在线应用

针对测厚仪在中厚板轧制中受现场因素影响大且价格贵的问题 ,开发了一种高精度在线测量厚度的方法 ,应用于某厂 3 5 0 0mm中板轧机上 ,厚度测量相对误差小于 6%。介绍了该测量方法的基本数学模型和实际应用情况